一(yi)次性使用(yong)无菌阴(yin)(yin)道(dao)(dao)(dao)扩(kuo)张(zhang)器(qi)(qi)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)妇科(ke)医生(sheng)查看你的(de)阴(yin)(yin)道(dao)(dao)(dao)，或(huo)者是(shi)(shi)(shi)子宫时(shi)用(yong)到(dao)(dao)的(de)一(yi)种工(gong)具(ju)。运用(yong)扩(kuo)张(zhang)器(qi)(qi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)为了保(bao)护你的(de)子宫不(bu)(bu)遭(zao)到(dao)(dao)损伤，用(yong)它来(lai)查看你的(de)阴(yin)(yin)道(dao)(dao)(dao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)否有(you)病变，或(huo)者是(shi)(shi)(shi)查看子宫里边是(shi)(shi)(shi)否存在什么相同的(de)肿瘤(liu)。有(you)些阴(yin)(yin)道(dao)(dao)(dao)手(shou)术(shu)也是(shi)(shi)(shi)需求这个(ge)扩(kuo)张(zhang)器(qi)(qi)的(de)，在阴(yin)(yin)道(dao)(dao)(dao)手(shou)术(shu)中,一(yi)向选用(yong)妇科(ke)的(de)鸭嘴(zui)状(zhuang)阴(yin)(yin)道(dao)(dao)(dao)扩(kuo)张(zhang)器(qi)(qi)，将阴(yin)(yin)道(dao)(dao)(dao)扩(kuo)开，但扩(kuo)张(zhang)器(qi)(qi)外口(kou)不(bu)(bu)能随意(yi)扩(kuo)大和缩小，这样扩(kuo)张(zhang)阴(yin)(yin)道(dao)(dao)(dao)，手(shou)术(shu)起来(lai)会方便许多。需求留(liu)意(yi)哪些问题：但需求留(liu)意(yi)的(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)，运用(yong)阴(yin)(yin)道(dao)(dao)(dao)扩(kuo)张(zhang)器(qi)(qi)进行阴(yin)(yin)道(dao)(dao)(dao)查看今后，回家有(you)必要运用(yong)护理液清洗(xi)阴(yin)(yin)道(dao)(dao)(dao)，防止阴(yin)(yin)道(dao)(dao)(dao)扩(kuo)张(zhang)器(qi)(qi)不(bu)(bu)洁(jie)净带来(lai)一(yi)些细菌，或(huo)者是(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)洁(jie)物。总(zong)之(zhi)阴(yin)(yin)道(dao)(dao)(dao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)个(ge)很灵敏，简单感染的(de)当(dang)地，咱们(men)女性朋友一(yi)定要留(liu)意(yi)卫生(sheng)。

一(yi)次(ci)性(xing)使(shi)用(yong)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)痰(tan)(tan)(tan)管操作(zuo)方(fang)法(1)检查吸(xi)(xi)(xi)引(yin)器各部(bu)(bu)(bu)连接是(shi)否完善，有无漏气。接通电源，打开(kai)开(kai)关(guan)，检查吸(xi)(xi)(xi)引(yin)器性(xing)能(neng)，调节负(fu)压(ya)。一(yi)般成人吸(xi)(xi)(xi)痰(tan)(tan)(tan)负(fu)压(ya)约(yue)40-50 kPa，小儿吸(xi)(xi)(xi)痰(tan)(tan)(tan)约(yue)13-30kPa，将(jiang)一(yi)次(ci)性(xing)使(shi)用(yong)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)痰(tan)(tan)(tan)管置于(yu)水中，试验吸(xi)(xi)(xi)引(yin)力，并冲(chong)洗皮管。(2)将(jiang)病人头(tou)部(bu)(bu)(bu)转向护士，铺(pu)治疗巾于(yu)颌(he)下(xia)(xia)。(3)插入一(yi)次(ci)性(xing)使(shi)用(yong)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)痰(tan)(tan)(tan)管，其顺序是(shi)由口腔前庭(ting)→颊部(bu)(bu)(bu)→咽部(bu)(bu)(bu)，将(jiang)各部(bu)(bu)(bu)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)尽(jin)。如口腔吸(xi)(xi)(xi)痰(tan)(tan)(tan)有困难时，可由鼻(bi)腔插入(颅底骨折患者禁用(yong))，其顺序由鼻(bi)腔前庭(ting)→下(xia)(xia)鼻(bi)道→鼻(bi)后孔(kong)→咽部(bu)(bu)(bu)→气管(约(yue)20-25cm)，将(jiang)分泌物逐段(duan)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)尽(jin)。若有气管插管或(huo)(huo)气管切开(kai)时，可由插管或(huo)(huo)套管内插入，将(jiang)痰(tan)(tan)(tan)液吸(xi)(xi)(xi)出。昏迷病人可用(yong)压(ya)舌板或(huo)(huo)开(kai)口器先将(jiang)口启开(kai)，再行吸(xi)(xi)(xi)引(yin)。

指导要点1.告知患者胸腔引流的目的及配合方法。2.鼓励患者咳嗽，深呼吸及变换体位，并告知正确咳嗽、深呼吸、变换体位的方法。（四）注意事项。1.出血量多于100ml／h，呈鲜红色，医用一次性采血护理包有血凝块，同时伴有脉搏增快，提示有活动性出血的可能，及时通知医生。2.水封瓶打破或接头滑脱时，要立即夹闭或反折近胸端胸引管。3.引流管自胸壁伤口脱出，立即用手顺皮肤纹理方向捏紧引流口周围皮肤（注意不要直接接触伤口），一次性采血护理包批发并立即通(tong)知(zhi)医生处理。4.患(huan)者下(xia)(xia)床活动时(shi)，引(yin)流瓶的位置应低于膝(xi)盖且保(bao)持平稳，保(bao)障长管(guan)(guan)没入(ru)液(ye)面下(xia)(xia)；外出(chu)检查(cha)前须将引(yin)流管(guan)(guan)夹闭(bi)(bi)，漏气(qi)明显的患(huan)者不可夹闭(bi)(bi)胸(xiong)引(yin)管(guan)(guan)。5.拔管(guan)(guan)后(hou)注意(yi)观察患(huan)者有(you)无胸(xiong)闷、憋(bie)气(qi)，皮下(xia)(xia)气(qi)肿，伤口(kou)渗液(ye)及出(chu)血等症状，有(you)异常及时(shi)通(tong)知(zhi)医生。一次性使用导(dao)尿包（三）指导(dao)要点。1.告知(zhi)患(huan)者心(xin)包、纵膈引(yin)流的目(mu)的、配合方法。2.告知(zhi)患(huan)者更换(huan)体(ti)位时(shi)防止(zhi)引(yin)流管(guan)(guan)意(yi)外脱出(chu)或打折(zhe)、受压等措施。

一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)性(xing)(xing)(xing)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)换(huan)药包(bao)(bao)(bao)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)创(chuang)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)护理。现(xian)在(zai)对我(wo)们来说(shuo)医(yi)(yi)(yi)院(yuan)(yuan)是(shi)不陌生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，光顾医(yi)(yi)(yi)院(yuan)(yuan)是(shi)在(zai)所难免的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，虽说(shuo)人的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)生(sheng)无(wu)大(da)灾(zai)(zai)大(da)难，但是(shi)小病小灾(zai)(zai)在(zai)所难免。有(you)时候，稍微(wei)严重(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)点的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)病情，医(yi)(yi)(yi)生(sheng)则会(hui)建(jian)议患者动手术。而术后(hou)伤(shang)(shang)(shang)口和创(chuang)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)护理则是(shi)非常(chang)(chang)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)步，常(chang)(chang)常(chang)(chang)需要(yao)(yao)通过(guo)换(huan)药包(bao)(bao)(bao)来清(qing)洗(xi)、包(bao)(bao)(bao)扎伤(shang)(shang)(shang)口。一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)性(xing)(xing)(xing)换(huan)药包(bao)(bao)(bao)经常(chang)(chang)用(yong)(yong)在(zai)外科(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)护理上面(mian)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)性(xing)(xing)(xing)换(huan)药包(bao)(bao)(bao)一(yi)(yi)(yi)般内(nei)装一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)性(xing)(xing)(xing)镊子、沙(sha)布、棉球、乳胶手套或PE手套，居家常(chang)(chang)备(bei)实用(yong)(yong)小药包(bao)(bao)(bao)，有(you)擦伤(shang)(shang)(shang)，磕碰(peng)，十(shi)分的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方便(bian)。一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)性(xing)(xing)(xing)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)换(huan)药包(bao)(bao)(bao)一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)性(xing)(xing)(xing)无(wu)菌换(huan)药包(bao)(bao)(bao)由弯盘、垫单、镊子、纱布、棉球等组成(cheng)。经密封包(bao)(bao)(bao)装及环氧乙烷(wan)灭菌仅供(gong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)性(xing)(xing)(xing)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)。主要(yao)(yao)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)临床伤(shang)(shang)(shang)口、创(chuang)面(mian)或手术切口换(huan)药用(yong)(yong)。克(ke)服了普通医(yi)(yi)(yi)疗器重(zhong)复使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)灭菌不严造(zao)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)传染疾病的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)交叉感染，又可减少(shao)医(yi)(yi)(yi)院(yuan)(yuan)用(yong)(yong)灭菌清(qing)毒的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)量人力(li)和物力(li)，有(you)效的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)提高了医(yi)(yi)(yi)院(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工作效率，为医(yi)(yi)(yi)生(sheng)和疾病患者提供(gong)了健康保障。那(nei)么(me)，换(huan)药包(bao)(bao)(bao)究竟如何使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)？一(yi)(yi)(yi)起(qi)来看看！

一(yi)(yi)次(ci)性(xing)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)导(dao)(dao)尿(niao)(niao)(niao)包有(you)(you)(you)什(shen)(shen)么作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)及注意事(shi)项呢(ni)(ni)？尿(niao)(niao)(niao)液是人体(ti)基本的分(fen)泌物，是人体(ti)中排(pai)(pai)出(chu)(chu)的代谢废物和(he)(he)毒素。一(yi)(yi)些(xie)重(zhong)症(zheng)患者没(mei)有(you)(you)(you)办法将(jiang)自己膀胱里的尿(niao)(niao)(niao)液排(pai)(pai)出(chu)(chu)来，那么，他们怎(zen)样才能够有(you)(you)(you)效(xiao)地把(ba)这些(xie)毒素和(he)(he)代谢废物排(pai)(pai)出(chu)(chu)来呢(ni)(ni)？下面就由小编(bian)为(wei)您介绍一(yi)(yi)款专(zhuan)门导(dao)(dao)尿(niao)(niao)(niao)的产品(pin)——一(yi)(yi)次(ci)性(xing)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)导(dao)(dao)尿(niao)(niao)(niao)包。那么，它有(you)(you)(you)什(shen)(shen)么作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)呢(ni)(ni)？在(zai)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)时又有(you)(you)(you)什(shen)(shen)么注意事(shi)项呢(ni)(ni)？一(yi)(yi)次(ci)性(xing)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)导(dao)(dao)尿(niao)(niao)(niao)包。一(yi)(yi)次(ci)性(xing)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)导(dao)(dao)尿(niao)(niao)(niao)包多用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)在(zai)为(wei)一(yi)(yi)些(xie)重(zhong)症(zheng)患者的护(hu)理中，它可以正确有(you)(you)(you)效(xiao)地帮助(zhu)病(bing)人排(pai)(pai)出(chu)(chu)尿(niao)(niao)(niao)液，使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)尿(niao)(niao)(niao)失(shi)禁病(bing)人保持会(hui)阴清洁干燥，避免伤到(dao)膀胱和(he)(he)减少肾(shen)脏(zang)的并发症(zheng)发生。导(dao)(dao)尿(niao)(niao)(niao)宝(bao)是吸痰(tan)管和(he)(he)薄膜手套组(zu)成，主要(yao)是用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)在(zai)为(wei)病(bing)人导(dao)(dao)尿(niao)(niao)(niao)。一(yi)(yi)次(ci)性(xing)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)导(dao)(dao)尿(niao)(niao)(niao)宝(bao)为(wei)无(wu)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)产品(pin)，经过环(huan)氧乙烷灭菌(jun)(jun)(jun)，而灭菌(jun)(jun)(jun)的有(you)(you)(you)效(xiao)期为(wei)2年；插入、拔出(chu)(chu)导(dao)(dao)尿(niao)(niao)(niao)管时，动作(zuo)要(yao)轻、慢、稳、切勿用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)力过度，损伤尿(niao)(niao)(niao)道(dao)的粘膜；导(dao)(dao)尿(niao)(niao)(niao)宝(bao)包只限一(yi)(yi)次(ci)性(xing)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)完(wan)应立即销毁，禁止重(zhong)复使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)；在(zai)存放(fang)导(dao)(dao)尿(niao)(niao)(niao)宝(bao)时，应存放(fang)在(zai)通风、干燥、没(mei)有(you)(you)(you)腐蚀物体(ti)的室内。

插(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)时的(de)(de)护(hu)(hu)理(li)⑴清醒(xing)患(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)：操(cao)纵(zong)中应(ying)鼓励其(qi)增强决心信念(nian)，调动自我(wo)控制能(neng)力，从(cong)而(er)按(an)捺不(bu)良(liang)情绪，配合插(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。插(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)时如碰到阻力，切勿强行置(zhi)入(ru)(ru)，应(ying)查明发(fa)生原因，如管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)腔(qiang)内(nei)有堵塞，可向(xiang)胃(wei)(wei)(wei)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)内(nei)注入(ru)(ru)空气，若(ruo)(ruo)泛起(qi)呃逆，说明管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)腔(qiang)启齿部位(wei)在食(shi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)内(nei)，可将胃(wei)(wei)(wei)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)向(xiang)下试插(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)。⑵意识障(zhang)碍患(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)：可采用(yong)(yong)诱导(dao)(dao)吞咽(yan)法插(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)胃(wei)(wei)(wei)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)：患(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)取平卧或(huo)头(tou)高(gao)位(wei)，操(cao)纵(zong)者(zhe)(zhe)两人(ren)分站两侧(ce)，左侧(ce)操(cao)纵(zong)者(zhe)(zhe)按(an)传(chuan)统方法将胃(wei)(wei)(wei)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)轻(qing)插(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)至14～16cm休止，待患(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)不(bu)适症状(zhuang)消失后(hou)，左侧(ce)操(cao)纵(zong)者(zhe)(zhe)用(yong)(yong)木帛签(qian)蘸(zhan)水，轻(qing)擦患(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)唇部及(ji)舌面，见(jian)患(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)泛起(qi)吞咽(yan)动作(zuo)，右侧(ce)操(cao)纵(zong)者(zhe)(zhe)即(ji)将胃(wei)(wei)(wei)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)向(xiang)前推进送入(ru)(ru)食(shi)道(dao)再(zai)插(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)至胃(wei)(wei)(wei)部。插(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)后(hou)护(hu)(hu)理(li)（1）胃(wei)(wei)(wei)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)留(liu)置(zhi)时间(jian)：长(zhang)期(qi)鼻饲患(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)7天更换1次胃(wei)(wei)(wei)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，一(yi)次性使用(yong)(yong)灌肠(chang)包，改插(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)另(ling)一(yi)侧(ce)鼻孔，以预防鼻咽(yan)黏膜---性损伤(shang)；若(ruo)(ruo)为硅胶胃(wei)(wei)(wei)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)则(ze)每月更换1次。（2）保持胃(wei)(wei)(wei)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)通畅(chang)：逐日(ri)用(yong)(yong)20ml生理(li)盐水冲(chong)刷2次，防止胃(wei)(wei)(wei)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)因堵塞或(huo)胃(wei)(wei)(wei)液黏稠而(er)引流不(bu)畅(chang)。（3）口腔(qiang)护(hu)(hu)理(li)：住(zhu)院患(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)在留(liu)置(zhi)胃(wei)(wei)(wei)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)期(qi)间(jian)机体抵挡力降低，导(dao)(dao)致口腔(qiang)的(de)(de)自洁作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)减弱。因此，留(liu)置(zhi)胃(wei)(wei)(wei)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)期(qi)间(jian)，对(dui)意识障(zhang)碍患(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)进行口腔(qiang)护(hu)(hu)理(li)，对(dui)清醒(xing)患(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)嘱定时刷牙。（4）心理(li)护(hu)(hu)理(li)：清醒(xing)患(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)留(liu)置(zhi)胃(wei)(wei)(wei)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)时护(hu)(hu)士(shi)应(ying)多与其(qi)沟通，加强胃(wei)(wei)(wei)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)护(hu)(hu)理(li)知识的(de)(de)宣(xuan)教，定时匡助患(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)翻(fan)身，推拿(na)背部、肩(jian)颈(jing)部，以减轻(qing)因头(tou)颈(jing)部制动及(ji)被动---带(dai)来的(de)(de)不(bu)适。