一次性(xing)(xing)使用(yong)阴(yin)(yin)道(dao)(dao)(dao)扩(kuo)张(zhang)器是一种一次性(xing)(xing)无(wu)(wu)菌阴(yin)(yin)道(dao)(dao)(dao)扩(kuo)张(zhang)器，供(gong)妇科(ke)查看用(yong)，分推(tui)拉式(shi)(shi)(shi)、调理(li)式(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)钩扣式(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)种。性(xing)(xing)能结构：一次性(xing)(xing)无(wu)(wu)菌阴(yin)(yin)道(dao)(dao)(dao)扩(kuo)张(zhang)器 由上(shang)叶、下叶和(he)(he)手柄组成，分推(tui)拉式(shi)(shi)(shi)、调理(li)式(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)钩扣式(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)种，按尺度不同分三(san)个规格。一次性(xing)(xing)无(wu)(wu)菌阴(yin)(yin)道(dao)(dao)(dao)扩(kuo)张(zhang)器 应无(wu)(wu)菌；适(shi)用(yong)范围：供(gong)妇科(ke)查看用(yong)；规格型号：大号、中号、小(xiao)号；一次性(xing)(xing)照明阴(yin)(yin)道(dao)(dao)(dao)扩(kuo)张(zhang)器在为妇科(ke)病人检查、治疗时，我们常会用(yong)到阴(yin)(yin)道(dao)(dao)(dao)扩(kuo)张(zhang)器，现在常用(yong)的(de)阴(yin)(yin)道(dao)(dao)(dao)扩(kuo)张(zhang)器，在灯光较(jiao)暗的(de)情(qing)形下，插入阴(yin)(yin)道(dao)(dao)(dao)后，无(wu)(wu)法(fa)看清阴(yin)(yin)道(dao)(dao)(dao)内的(de)具体情(qing)形，以(yi)致(zhi)于无(wu)(wu)法(fa)进行(xing)有(you)效检查和(he)(he)治疗。

导尿包，主要适用于导尿术，医用一次性使用口腔护理包导尿术是一种在无菌操作条件下，将导尿管经过尿道插入膀胱，进行引流尿液的方法。一次性使用导尿包步骤：1、提前准备导尿包产品，可以是无菌导尿包或者是一次性导尿包；操作者要进行洗手，佩戴口罩，一次性使用口腔护理包批发佩戴手套(tao)；3、拆开导尿包，将(jiang)物品(pin)(pin)放(fang)在(zai)专门(men)的(de)器(qi)械盘上(shang)，将(jiang)物品(pin)(pin)拿(na)到床(chuang)边；4、核对病(bing)(bing)(bing)人的(de)身份，并向病(bing)(bing)(bing)人解释接(jie)下(xia)来(lai)的(de)操(cao)作，让病(bing)(bing)(bing)人能够放(fang)松心情；5、将(jiang)门(men)窗关闭，用病(bing)(bing)(bing)房内(nei)独有(you)的(de)屏风(feng)遮挡病(bing)(bing)(bing)床(chuang)；6、将(jiang)床(chuang)旁的(de)椅(yi)子放(fang)在(zai)合适(shi)的(de)位置，将(jiang)便盆放(fang)在(zai)椅(yi)子上(shang)；7、掀开被(bei)子；8、病(bing)(bing)(bing)人无(wu)法起身的(de)情况(kuang)下(xia)，可以让家属或操(cao)作者(zhe)帮(bang)助病(bing)(bing)(bing)人褪去裤(ku)子，对侧(ce)的(de)腿部(bu)盖上(shang)被(bei)子，近(jin)处盖上(shang)毛(mao)巾，可以避免(mian)病(bing)(bing)(bing)人太过羞(xiu)耻(chi)，影响操(cao)作；

如(ru)(ru)何预防(fang)(fang)插导(dao)(dao)尿(niao)(niao)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)时出现(xian)感(gan)染(ran)现(xian)象?全(quan)科(ke)医(yi)(yi)生是经过全(quan)科(ke)医(yi)(yi)学专业培训，临床技能(neng)(neng)全(quan)面、医(yi)(yi)德高尚的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高素质(zhi)基(ji)层(ceng)医(yi)(yi)疗(liao)保(bao)健(jian)人才(cai),富有(you)独立(li)工作(zuo)(zuo)能(neng)(neng)力,对(dui)个人家(jia)庭及社区提供便捷、廉价的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)防(fang)(fang)、 治(zhi)保(bao)康全(quan)方(fang)位的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)优质(zhi)服务(wu)。开展全(quan)科(ke)医(yi)(yi)疗(liao)服务(wu), 如(ru)(ru)果没(mei)有(you)具有(you)活(huo)力的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)全(quan)科(ke)医(yi)(yi)生做坚实的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)础,工作(zuo)(zuo)将(jiang)缺乏生气和(he)动(dong)力,那种以(yi)单纯的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)专科(ke)医(yi)(yi)疗(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)服务(wu)体系,势必(bi)(bi)造成医(yi)(yi)疗(liao)秩序的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)混(hun)乱,也没(mei)有(you)任(ren)何国家(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)经济(ji)能(neng)(neng)够负担(dan)得起。那么,插导(dao)(dao)尿(niao)(niao)管如(ru)(ru)何预防(fang)(fang)感(gan)染(ran)呢?导(dao)(dao)尿(niao)(niao)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)相关尿(niao)(niao)路感(gan)染(ran)预防(fang)(fang)SOP尿(niao)(niao)路感(gan)染(ran)(UTI)是二(er)位常(chang)见医(yi)(yi)院感(gan)染(ran)类型, 75% ~ 80%与留置(zhi)导(dao)(dao)尿(niao)(niao)管相关。为有(you)效预防(fang)(fang)导(dao)(dao)尿(niao)(niao)管相关尿(niao)(niao)路感(gan)染(ran),特制定以(yi)下控(kong)制措施(shi):插管前准备与插管时的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)措施(shi)1.尽量避免(mian)不必(bi)(bi)要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)留置(zhi)导(dao)(dao)尿(niao)(niao);2.仔(zi)细检(jian)查无(wu)菌(jun)导(dao)(dao)尿(niao)(niao)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)，如(ru)(ru)过期、外(wai)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)装破损潮湿(shi),不得使用(yong)(yong);3.根(gen)据(ju)年龄、性别(bie)、尿(niao)(niao)道(dao)(dao)情(qing)况选择合(he)适的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)导(dao)(dao)尿(niao)(niao)管口径、类型。通常(chang)成年男性选16F ,女性选14F ;4.规(gui)范手(shou)卫生和(he)载(zai)手(shou)套的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)程(cheng)序;5.常(chang)规(gui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)消毒方(fang)法:用(yong)(yong)0.1%的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新洁尔灭消毒尿(niao)(niao)道(dao)(dao)口及其周围皮(pi)肤粘(zhan)膜,程(cheng)序如(ru)(ru)下:男性:自尿(niao)(niao)道(dao)(dao)口、龟(gui)头(tou)向外(wai)旋(xuan)转擦(ca)拭消毒,注(zhu)意洗(xi)净包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)皮(pi)及冠状沟。女性:先(xian)清(qing)洗(xi)外(wai)阴,其原则(ze)由上至下,由内向外(wai),然(ran)后清(qing)洗(xi)尿(niao)(niao)道(dao)(dao)口、前庭、两侧大(da)小阴唇(chun),后会阴、肛(gang)门(men),每一个棉球不能(neng)(neng)重(zhong)复使用(yong)(yong);6.插管过程(cheng)严格执行无(wu)菌(jun)操作(zuo)(zuo),动(dong)作(zuo)(zuo)要轻柔,避免(mian)尿(niao)(niao)道(dao)(dao)粘(zhan)膜损伤;7.对(dui)留置(zhi)导(dao)(dao)尿(niao)(niao)患(huan)者,应(ying)采用(yong)(yong)密闭式引流系统。

一次(ci)性(xing)(xing)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)吸(xi)(xi)痰(tan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)的具体(ti)操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)方(fang)法是怎(zen)(zen)样(yang)。温馨提示：为避免病人吸(xi)(xi)入(ru)的空(kong)气(qi)干燥(zao)(zao)(因无鼻腔(qiang)的湿化作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong))，可(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)单层或双层盐水浸湿的纱布(bu)覆盖一次(ci)性(xing)(xing)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)吸(xi)(xi)痰(tan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)口(kou)，干后随时更(geng)换(huan)。那么，一次(ci)性(xing)(xing)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)吸(xi)(xi)痰(tan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)的具体(ti)操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)方(fang)法是怎(zen)(zen)样(yang)? 一次(ci)性(xing)(xing)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)吸(xi)(xi)痰(tan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)为无菌(jun)产(chan)品(pin)，经环(huan)氧乙烷(wan)灭菌(jun)，灭菌(jun)有效(xiao)(xiao)期2年(nian);一次(ci)性(xing)(xing)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)吸(xi)(xi)痰(tan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)限一次(ci)性(xing)(xing)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)后销毁(hui)，禁(jin)止(zhi)重(zhong)复使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong);一次(ci)性(xing)(xing)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)吸(xi)(xi)痰(tan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)应存(cun)放在(zai)通风、干燥(zao)(zao)、无腐蚀性(xing)(xing)物体(ti)的室内(nei)。 一次(ci)性(xing)(xing)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)吸(xi)(xi)痰(tan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)的具体(ti)操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)方(fang)法如下： 吸(xi)(xi)引(yin)前先(xian)检查吸(xi)(xi)引(yin)器效(xiao)(xiao)能是否良好，吸(xi)(xi)引(yin)导管(guan)(guan)(guan)是否通畅。2.备齐用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)物，置床头柜，向(xiang)患(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)解释。3.将患(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)头偏向(xiang)一侧，并略向(xiang)后仰。昏(hun)迷患(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)可(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)压舌(she)板将口(kou)启开，夹持吸(xi)(xi)痰(tan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)由口(kou)腔(qiang)颊部(bu)(bu)插(cha)(cha)至咽喉部(bu)(bu)，乘(cheng)患(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)吸(xi)(xi)气(qi)时将吸(xi)(xi)痰(tan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)插(cha)(cha)入(ru)气(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)。如口(kou)腔(qiang)吸(xi)(xi)痰(tan)有困难时，可(ke)由鼻腔(qiang)插(cha)(cha)入(ru)(颅底骨折患(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)禁(jin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong));气(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)插(cha)(cha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)或气(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)切开患(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，可(ke)由插(cha)(cha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)或套(tao)管(guan)(guan)(guan)内(nei)插(cha)(cha)入(ru)。

女(nv)性在(zai)进(jin)(jin)行(xing)妇科检(jian)(jian)查(cha)(cha)(cha)时(shi)(shi)发现一种辅(fu)助性检(jian)(jian)查(cha)(cha)(cha)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)械，人(ren)们将其称为阴(yin)(yin)(yin)道(dao)(dao)(dao)扩张器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。很多女(nv)性对这(zhei)个检(jian)(jian)查(cha)(cha)(cha)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)械不甚了解，因此(ci)在(zai)检(jian)(jian)查(cha)(cha)(cha)时(shi)(shi)都存在(zai)畏惧心理。那么(me)，在(zai)进(jin)(jin)行(xing)妇科检(jian)(jian)查(cha)(cha)(cha)时(shi)(shi)阴(yin)(yin)(yin)道(dao)(dao)(dao)扩张器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)使用方法是(shi)(shi)怎样的(de)呢？以下就(jiu)相(xiang)关方面(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)知识内容(rong)为您进(jin)(jin)行(xing)相(xiang)应的(de)介绍。1.术者(zhe)或(huo)者(zhe)检(jian)(jian)查(cha)(cha)(cha)者(zhe)带(dai)无菌(jun)手套，准备好阴(yin)(yin)(yin)道(dao)(dao)(dao)扩张器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。一手执器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，一手轻轻分开两侧小阴(yin)(yin)(yin)唇，暴(bao)露(lu)阴(yin)(yin)(yin)道(dao)(dao)(dao)。 2.将阴(yin)(yin)(yin)道(dao)(dao)(dao)扩张器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)轻轻顺着阴(yin)(yin)(yin)道(dao)(dao)(dao)走(zou)行(xing)、阴(yin)(yin)(yin)道(dao)(dao)(dao)纵线与扩张器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)大(da)的(de)横径呈0度角度送入(ru)。慢慢张开上下双叶。3.暴(bao)露(lu)宫颈(jing)(jing)。至此(ci)，观察阴(yin)(yin)(yin)道(dao)(dao)(dao)壁、阴(yin)(yin)(yin)道(dao)(dao)(dao)穹窿部情况(kuang)，是(shi)(shi)否有肿(zhong)瘤、擦(ca)伤、红(hong)肿(zhong)；赘生(sheng)物等(deng)。继(ji)而(er)观察阴(yin)(yin)(yin)道(dao)(dao)(dao)分泌物的(de)性状：味儿、色、粘稠度等(deng)，记录之(zhi)。宫颈(jing)(jing)情况(kuang)所见(jian):表面(mian)(mian)(mian)是(shi)(shi)否光滑、是(shi)(shi)否有赘生(sheng)物以及肿(zhong)瘤、息肉(rou)；宫颈(jing)(jing)表面(mian)(mian)(mian)是(shi)(shi)否有隐藏或(huo)暴(bao)露(lu)的(de)囊肿(zhong)等(deng)。是(shi)(shi)否肥大(da)、出血、肿(zhong)胀，记录之(zhi)；是(shi)(shi)否红(hong)肿(zhong)紫，记录之(zhi)。

插(cha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)时(shi)(shi)的(de)护(hu)(hu)(hu)理(li)(li)⑴清醒(xing)(xing)患(huan)(huan)(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)：操纵(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)中应(ying)鼓励其(qi)增强(qiang)决心信念，调动自我控制能力(li)，从而(er)(er)按捺不(bu)良情绪(xu)，配合插(cha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。插(cha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)时(shi)(shi)如碰到阻力(li)，切勿强(qiang)行置(zhi)入(ru)(ru)，应(ying)查明发生原因(yin)，如管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)腔(qiang)内有堵(du)塞，可(ke)向(xiang)胃(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)内注(zhu)入(ru)(ru)空气，若(ruo)泛(fan)起(qi)呃逆，说明管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)腔(qiang)启齿部(bu)位(wei)在食(shi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)内，可(ke)将(jiang)胃(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)向(xiang)下试插(cha)。⑵意识障碍(ai)患(huan)(huan)(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)：可(ke)采用(yong)(yong)诱(you)导(dao)吞咽(yan)法插(cha)胃(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)：患(huan)(huan)(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)取平卧或头高位(wei)，操纵(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)两(liang)人分站两(liang)侧，左侧操纵(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)按传统(tong)方法将(jiang)胃(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)轻(qing)插(cha)至14～16cm休止(zhi)，待患(huan)(huan)(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)不(bu)适症(zheng)状消失(shi)后(hou)，左侧操纵(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)用(yong)(yong)木帛签蘸水，轻(qing)擦患(huan)(huan)(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)唇(chun)部(bu)及舌面，见患(huan)(huan)(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)泛(fan)起(qi)吞咽(yan)动作，右侧操纵(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)即(ji)将(jiang)胃(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)向(xiang)前推进送(song)入(ru)(ru)食(shi)道再插(cha)至胃(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)部(bu)。插(cha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)后(hou)护(hu)(hu)(hu)理(li)(li)（1）胃(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)留置(zhi)时(shi)(shi)间(jian)：长期鼻饲患(huan)(huan)(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)7天更换(huan)1次胃(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，一次性使用(yong)(yong)灌肠包，改(gai)插(cha)另一侧鼻孔，以预(yu)防鼻咽(yan)黏膜---性损伤；若(ruo)为硅(gui)胶胃(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)则每月更换(huan)1次。（2）保(bao)持胃(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)通(tong)(tong)畅：逐日(ri)用(yong)(yong)20ml生理(li)(li)盐水冲刷2次，防止(zhi)胃(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)因(yin)堵(du)塞或胃(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)液黏稠而(er)(er)引(yin)流不(bu)畅。（3）口(kou)腔(qiang)护(hu)(hu)(hu)理(li)(li)：住院患(huan)(huan)(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)在留置(zhi)胃(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)期间(jian)机体抵挡力(li)降低(di)，导(dao)致口(kou)腔(qiang)的(de)自洁作用(yong)(yong)减(jian)弱(ruo)。因(yin)此，留置(zhi)胃(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)期间(jian)，对意识障碍(ai)患(huan)(huan)(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)进行口(kou)腔(qiang)护(hu)(hu)(hu)理(li)(li)，对清醒(xing)(xing)患(huan)(huan)(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)嘱定(ding)时(shi)(shi)刷牙。（4）心理(li)(li)护(hu)(hu)(hu)理(li)(li)：清醒(xing)(xing)患(huan)(huan)(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)留置(zhi)胃(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)时(shi)(shi)护(hu)(hu)(hu)士应(ying)多与其(qi)沟通(tong)(tong)，加(jia)强(qiang)胃(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)护(hu)(hu)(hu)理(li)(li)知(zhi)识的(de)宣(xuan)教(jiao)，定(ding)时(shi)(shi)匡助患(huan)(huan)(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)翻身，推拿背部(bu)、肩颈部(bu)，以减(jian)轻(qing)因(yin)头颈部(bu)制动及被(bei)动---带来的(de)不(bu)适。