2019年一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)性(xing)(xing)(xing)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)护理(li)(li)(li)(li)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)报(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)告(gao)(gao)(gao)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)性(xing)(xing)(xing)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)护理(li)(li)(li)(li)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)报(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)告(gao)(gao)(gao)是报(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)告(gao)(gao)(gao)大(da)厅在对(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)要从事一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)性(xing)(xing)(xing)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)护理(li)(li)(li)(li)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)行(xing)(xing)(xing)业或(huo)(huo)(huo)者要进入(ru)(ru)投(tou)资(zi)(zi)之前(qian)，对(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)性(xing)(xing)(xing)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)护理(li)(li)(li)(li)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)行(xing)(xing)(xing)业的(de)(de)(de)相(xiang)关因(yin)素以(yi)及具(ju)体(ti)的(de)(de)(de)行(xing)(xing)(xing)情(qing)进行(xing)(xing)(xing)具(ju)体(ti)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)、分(fen)(fen)析(xi)、调查(cha)以(yi)及评估项目的(de)(de)(de)可(ke)行(xing)(xing)(xing)性(xing)(xing)(xing)、效(xiao)果(guo)效(xiao)益等(deng)，从而提(ti)出(chu)建(jian)设性(xing)(xing)(xing)意(yi)见以(yi)及建(jian)议对(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)策。为(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)性(xing)(xing)(xing)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)护理(li)(li)(li)(li)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)行(xing)(xing)(xing)业投(tou)资(zi)(zi)决策者或(huo)(huo)(huo)者是主管总(zong)结(jie)下研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)性(xing)(xing)(xing)报(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)告(gao)(gao)(gao)！ 一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)性(xing)(xing)(xing)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)护理(li)(li)(li)(li)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)报(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)告(gao)(gao)(gao)主要是对(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)分(fen)(fen)析(xi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)性(xing)(xing)(xing)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)护理(li)(li)(li)(li)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)行(xing)(xing)(xing)业需求(qiu)、供给(ji)、经营特性(xing)(xing)(xing)、获取能力(li)、产业链和(he)(he)(he)价(jia)值链等(deng)多方(fang)(fang)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)内(nei)(nei)容，整合行(xing)(xing)(xing)业、市场、企(qi)业、用(yong)(yong)(yong)户(hu)(hu)等(deng)多层(ceng)面(mian)数据和(he)(he)(he)信息资(zi)(zi)源，为(wei)客户(hu)(hu)提(ti)供深(shen)度的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)性(xing)(xing)(xing)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)护理(li)(li)(li)(li)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)行(xing)(xing)(xing)业市场研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)报(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)告(gao)(gao)(gao)，以(yi)专(zhuan)业的(de)(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)帮助(zhu)客户(hu)(hu)深(shen)入(ru)(ru)的(de)(de)(de)了解一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)性(xing)(xing)(xing)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)护理(li)(li)(li)(li)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)行(xing)(xing)(xing)业情(qing)况，发现投(tou)资(zi)(zi)价(jia)值和(he)(he)(he)投(tou)资(zi)(zi)机会(hui)，规避经营风(feng)险，提(ti)高(gao)管理(li)(li)(li)(li)和(he)(he)(he)运营能力(li)。一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)性(xing)(xing)(xing)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)护理(li)(li)(li)(li)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)报(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)告(gao)(gao)(gao)必须对(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)性(xing)(xing)(xing)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)护理(li)(li)(li)(li)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)行(xing)(xing)(xing)业研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)的(de)(de)(de)内(nei)(nei)容和(he)(he)(he)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)进行(xing)(xing)(xing)全(quan)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)阐述(shu)和(he)(he)(he)论(lun)证，对(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)过(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中所获取的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)性(xing)(xing)(xing)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)护理(li)(li)(li)(li)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)资(zi)(zi)料进行(xing)(xing)(xing)全(quan)面(mian)系统的(de)(de)(de)整理(li)(li)(li)(li)和(he)(he)(he)分(fen)(fen)析(xi)，通过(guo)(guo)(guo)图(tu)表(biao)、统计结(jie)果(guo)及文献资(zi)(zi)料，或(huo)(huo)(huo)以(yi)纵(zong)向的(de)(de)(de)发展过(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)，或(huo)(huo)(huo)横向类别分(fen)(fen)析(xi)提(ti)出(chu)论(lun)点、分(fen)(fen)析(xi)论(lun)据，进行(xing)(xing)(xing)论(lun)证。一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)性(xing)(xing)(xing)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)护理(li)(li)(li)(li)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)报(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)告(gao)(gao)(gao)分(fen)(fen)：一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)性(xing)(xing)(xing)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)护理(li)(li)(li)(li)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)的(de)(de)(de)对(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)象和(he)(he)(he)方(fang)(fang)法(fa) 、研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)的(de)(de)(de)内(nei)(nei)容和(he)(he)(he)假(jia)设 、研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)的(de)(de)(de)步骤及过(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)以(yi)及研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)结(jie)果(guo)的(de)(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)析(xi)与讨论(lun)。一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)性(xing)(xing)(xing)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)护理(li)(li)(li)(li)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)报(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)告(gao)(gao)(gao)内(nei)(nei)容的(de)(de)(de)逻辑(ji)性(xing)(xing)(xing)是整个(ge)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)思路逻辑(ji)性(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)写照，没(mei)有一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)个(ge)好的(de)(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)基础以(yi)及研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)渠道(dao)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)，是写不出(chu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)性(xing)(xing)(xing)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)护理(li)(li)(li)(li)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)科(ke)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)报(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)告(gao)(gao)(gao)。对(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)性(xing)(xing)(xing)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)护理(li)(li)(li)(li)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)报(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)告(gao)(gao)(gao)内(nei)(nei)容报(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)告(gao)(gao)(gao)大(da)厅相(xiang)对(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)如实地反映客观情(qing)况，一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)切(qie)叙(xu)述(shu)、说明(ming)、推断(duan)、引(yin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)，恰如其分(fen)(fen)。文字(zi)、用(yong)(yong)(yong)词应(ying)力(li)求(qiu)准确。概念表(biao)述(shu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)科(ke)学(xue)性(xing)(xing)(xing)用(yong)(yong)(yong)语，避免(mian)用(yong)(yong)(yong)常识性(xing)(xing)(xing)用(yong)(yong)(yong)语，以(yi)免(mian)读者费解或(huo)(huo)(huo)产生歧(qi)义。当然，研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)报(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)告(gao)(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)文字(zi)我们也努力(li)做到(dao)简单、明(ming)了、通顺、流畅，既要明(ming)白(bai)如话，又要把研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)的(de)(de)(de)效(xiao)果(guo)准确地、科(ke)学(xue)地表(biao)达出(chu)来(lai)。通过(guo)(guo)(guo)全(quan)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)调查(cha)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)以(yi)及分(fen)(fen)析(xi)论(lun)证某个(ge)建(jian)设或(huo)(huo)(huo)改造工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)。某种科(ke)学(xue)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)、某项商(shang)务活动切(qie)实可(ke)行(xing)(xing)(xing)而提(ti)出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)种书面(mian)材料。

一次性(xing)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)无(wu)菌导(dao)尿包(bao)注意事项(xiang)。注意事项(xiang)。产(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)按手术室无(wu)菌操(cao)作规定使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)。2.包(bao)装(zhuang)破损切(qie)勿使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)。一次性(xing)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)导(dao)尿包(bao)3.本(ben)品(pin)(pin)为一次性(xing)产(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)，切(qie)勿再次使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)。4.产(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)后应(ying)按照(zhao)医院或环(huan)保(bao)部门要求进行处(chu)理。【禁忌(ji)症(zheng)】对(dui)橡(xiang)胶(jiao)、聚丙烯塑料、无(wu)纺布、脱脂棉过(guo)敏(min)者慎用(yong)。【使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)说明】打开产(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)小包(bao)装(zhuang)后即(ji)可使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)；根据使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)需求，依(yi)次将(jiang)产(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)中的组件(jian)铺垫好(hao)，以获得(de)良好(hao)的使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)效果。【储存(cun)条件(jian)、方(fang)法】贮存(cun)在阴凉、干燥、通风(feng)、无(wu)腐蚀性(xing)气体的环(huan)境中，远离(li)火源及易燃物。

一次(ci)性(xing)换药(yao)包(bao)(bao)如(ru)何使(shi)用一次(ci)性(xing)换药(yao)包(bao)(bao)经(jing)常(chang)用在外科的护(hu)理上面，一次(ci)性(xing)换药(yao)包(bao)(bao)一般内装(zhuang)一次(ci)性(xing)镊子(zi)、沙布、棉球(qiu)(qiu)、乳胶手(shou)(shou)套(tao)或(huo)PE手(shou)(shou)套(tao)，居家(jia)常(chang)备实用小药(yao)包(bao)(bao)，有擦伤(shang)(shang)，磕碰(peng)，十分的方便1一次(ci)性(xing)换药(yao)包(bao)(bao)是一个很实用的物件，居家(jia)旅行，家(jia)中常(chang)备，当出现擦伤(shang)(shang)碰(peng)伤(shang)(shang)时(shi)使(shi)用非常(chang)方便。2打开药(yao)包(bao)(bao)，里面得物品时(shi)非常(chang)齐(qi)全的，一点不足的是没(mei)有消毒酒精(jing)。3取出镊子(zi)，棉球(qiu)(qiu)，沾酒精(jing)对擦伤(shang)(shang)伤(shang)(shang)口进(jin)行消毒处理，如(ru)过需要纱布包(bao)(bao)的话可(ke)以包(bao)(bao)一下。

使用(yong)说明：1、确认在(zai)灭菌有(you)(you)效(xiao)期(qi)内(nei)和包(bao)装完(wan)好后(hou)，撕开(kai)启封口，取(qu)出导(dao)尿(niao)(niao)(niao)包(bao)放(fang)置在(zai)工作台上(shang)(shang)；2、戴(dai)上(shang)(shang)薄膜(mo)手(shou)套，用(yong)镊子（圆头）镊取(qu)碘伏(fu)棉(mian)球(qiu)/或洗必泰棉(mian)球(qiu)，对患处消毒处理3、在(zai)换戴(dai)灭菌橡(xiang)胶外(wai)科手(shou)套/医用(yong)橡(xiang)胶检查手(shou)套，将治疗(liao)巾覆(fu)盖在(zai)患处，中(zhong)洞(dong)处露出尿(niao)(niao)(niao)道口4、取(qu)镊子（尖头）镊取(qu)石蜡棉(mian)球(qiu)润滑导(dao)尿(niao)(niao)(niao)管(guan)(guan)，然后(hou)双(shuang)手(shou)配合将导(dao)尿(niao)(niao)(niao)管(guan)(guan)插入尿(niao)(niao)(niao)道，用(yong)液体(ti)推注器吸取(qu)定量无(wu)菌水(shui)(shui)充入导(dao)尿(niao)(niao)(niao)管(guan)(guan)球(qiu)囊，使球(qiu)囊与导(dao)尿(niao)(niao)(niao)壁相接(jie)，然后(hou)将引流袋与导(dao)尿(niao)(niao)(niao)管(guan)(guan)连(lian)接(jie)进(jin)(jin)行导(dao)尿(niao)(niao)(niao)； 5、用(yong)取(qu)样管(guan)(guan)取(qu)样并送检 6、导(dao)尿(niao)(niao)(niao)完(wan)毕(bi)，用(yong)液体(ti)推助器抽出球(qiu)囊内(nei)的无(wu)菌水(shui)(shui)，拔出导(dao)尿(niao)(niao)(niao)管(guan)(guan)； 7、用(yong)海绵刷子蘸取(qu)酒(jiu)精(jing)进(jin)(jin)行清洁(jie)处理，再用(yong)纱(sha)布叠(die)片或棉(mian)球(qiu)擦试干净8、按无(wu)菌操作规程进(jin)(jin)行，导(dao)尿(niao)(niao)(niao)完(wan)毕(bi)，丢弃所有(you)(you)组件。 一次(ci)性使用(yong)导(dao)尿(niao)(niao)(niao)包(bao)。注意事项：1、本产品限(xian)一次(ci)性使用(yong)，用(yong)后(hou)销(xiao)毁(hui)；

一次性使用吸痰管的使用。推荐一次性使用灌肠包导读：如何使用一次性吸痰管？小编为大家准备了使用吸痰管的方法和使用吸痰管需要注意的三点，这可能对你有帮助。使用吸痰管的方法：1.检查吸痰管，检查吸痰装置功能，检查吸痰导管是否通畅，是否影响正常吸痰手术。2.准备所有吸痰项目，将这些物品放在床头柜上，向病人解释下一次手术，说明某些项目的使用情况，并为病人做好准备。3.让病人侧头，稍向后，如果病人本身处于昏迷状态，需要用舌板打开病人的嘴，然后将痰吸管侧到咽喉等，当病人吸气时，将吸痰管插入气管。一次性使用灌肠包价格如果病人很难从(cong)(cong)(cong)嘴里吸(xi)(xi)(xi)痰(tan)(tan)(tan)，就可以从(cong)(cong)(cong)鼻(bi)腔插(cha)入痰(tan)(tan)(tan)。当然(ran)，禁止(zhi)使用(yong)颅底(di)骨折患者(zhe)。对于气管(guan)(guan)内(nei)插(cha)管(guan)(guan)或(huo)气管(guan)(guan)切(qie)开术的病人，可以从(cong)(cong)(cong)插(cha)管(guan)(guan)或(huo)插(cha)管(guan)(guan)中插(cha)入吸(xi)(xi)(xi)痰(tan)(tan)(tan)管(guan)(guan)。4.插(cha)入吸(xi)(xi)(xi)入管(guan)(guan)前，打开吸(xi)(xi)(xi)入开关。然(ran)而，T管(guan)(guan)的侧孔应该放松，当痰(tan)(tan)(tan)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)管(guan)(guan)在一(yi)定深度插(cha)入气管(guan)(guan)时(shi)，可根据闭合侧孔立即(ji)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)痰(tan)(tan)(tan)。吸(xi)(xi)(xi)痰(tan)(tan)(tan)时(shi)，吸(xi)(xi)(xi)痰(tan)(tan)(tan)管(guan)(guan)应从(cong)(cong)(cong)底(di)部慢慢抬起，左右旋(xuan)转，以便吸(xi)(xi)(xi)痰(tan)(tan)(tan)。防止(zhi)粘膜被(bei)破坏，通(tong)过固定一(yi)个地方(fang)，或(huo)向上和(he)向下(xia)，以吸(xi)(xi)(xi)引它。吸(xi)(xi)(xi)痰(tan)(tan)(tan)管(guan)(guan)取出(chu)后，吸(xi)(xi)(xi)收(shou)水分，冲洗管(guan)(guan)内(nei)痰(tan)(tan)(tan)，以免堵塞痰(tan)(tan)(tan)管(guan)(guan)。关掉吸(xi)(xi)(xi)管(guan)(guan)开关。