导(dao)尿(niao)包(bao)(bao)，主要适用(yong)于导(dao)尿(niao)术，导(dao)尿(niao)术是一(yi)种在无菌(jun)操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)条件下(xia)，将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)导(dao)尿(niao)管经过尿(niao)道(dao)插入膀胱，进行(xing)引流尿(niao)液的方法(fa)。一(yi)次性使用(yong)导(dao)尿(niao)包(bao)(bao)步(bu)骤：1、提前(qian)准备(bei)导(dao)尿(niao)包(bao)(bao)产品(pin)，可以(yi)是无菌(jun)导(dao)尿(niao)包(bao)(bao)或(huo)者是一(yi)次性导(dao)尿(niao)包(bao)(bao)；操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)者要进行(xing)洗手(shou)，佩戴口罩，佩戴手(shou)套；3、拆开导(dao)尿(niao)包(bao)(bao)，将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)物(wu)品(pin)放(fang)(fang)在专门的器械盘上，将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)物(wu)品(pin)拿到床(chuang)边；4、核对(dui)病(bing)(bing)人的身(shen)份(fen)，并向病(bing)(bing)人解释接(jie)下(xia)来的操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)，让病(bing)(bing)人能够放(fang)(fang)松(song)心情；5、将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)门窗关闭，用(yong)病(bing)(bing)房内(nei)独有(you)的屏风(feng)遮挡病(bing)(bing)床(chuang)；6、将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)床(chuang)旁的椅(yi)子(zi)放(fang)(fang)在合适的位(wei)置，将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)便盆放(fang)(fang)在椅(yi)子(zi)上；7、掀开被(bei)子(zi)；8、病(bing)(bing)人无法(fa)起身(shen)的情况(kuang)下(xia)，可以(yi)让家属(shu)或(huo)操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)者帮助病(bing)(bing)人褪去裤(ku)子(zi)，对(dui)侧(ce)的腿部盖(gai)上被(bei)子(zi)，近处盖(gai)上毛巾，可以(yi)避免病(bing)(bing)人太过羞耻，影响(xiang)操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)；

插(cha)(cha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)时(shi)的护(hu)(hu)理(li)⑴清醒患(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)：操(cao)纵(zong)中应(ying)鼓励其(qi)增强决(jue)心信(xin)念，调动(dong)(dong)(dong)自我控(kong)制能(neng)力(li)(li)，从而按捺不良(liang)情(qing)绪，配合(he)插(cha)(cha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。插(cha)(cha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)时(shi)如碰到(dao)阻力(li)(li)，切(qie)勿强行(xing)置入，应(ying)查(cha)明(ming)发生原因(yin)，如管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)腔内(nei)(nei)有堵(du)塞(sai)，可向胃(wei)(wei)(wei)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)内(nei)(nei)注入空(kong)气，若泛起(qi)呃(e)逆，说(shuo)明(ming)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)腔启齿(chi)部位在食管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)内(nei)(nei)，可将(jiang)胃(wei)(wei)(wei)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)向下试插(cha)(cha)。⑵意识(shi)障碍患(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)：可采用(yong)(yong)诱导吞咽法(fa)插(cha)(cha)胃(wei)(wei)(wei)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)：患(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)取平卧(wo)或头(tou)高位，操(cao)纵(zong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)两人分站两侧(ce)(ce)，左(zuo)侧(ce)(ce)操(cao)纵(zong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)按传统方(fang)法(fa)将(jiang)胃(wei)(wei)(wei)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)轻插(cha)(cha)至14～16cm休止，待患(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)不适(shi)症状(zhuang)消失(shi)后，左(zuo)侧(ce)(ce)操(cao)纵(zong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)用(yong)(yong)木帛签蘸水，轻擦患(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)唇部及(ji)舌面，见(jian)患(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)泛起(qi)吞咽动(dong)(dong)(dong)作(zuo)，右侧(ce)(ce)操(cao)纵(zong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)即将(jiang)胃(wei)(wei)(wei)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)向前推进送入食道再插(cha)(cha)至胃(wei)(wei)(wei)部。插(cha)(cha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)后护(hu)(hu)理(li)（1）胃(wei)(wei)(wei)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)留(liu)置时(shi)间：长期鼻饲(si)患(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)7天更换1次(ci)胃(wei)(wei)(wei)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，一(yi)次(ci)性使用(yong)(yong)灌肠(chang)包，改插(cha)(cha)另(ling)一(yi)侧(ce)(ce)鼻孔，以(yi)预(yu)防(fang)鼻咽黏(nian)膜---性损(sun)伤(shang)；若为硅胶胃(wei)(wei)(wei)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)则每(mei)月更换1次(ci)。（2）保持胃(wei)(wei)(wei)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)通畅：逐日用(yong)(yong)20ml生理(li)盐水冲刷2次(ci)，防(fang)止胃(wei)(wei)(wei)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)因(yin)堵(du)塞(sai)或胃(wei)(wei)(wei)液黏(nian)稠而引流不畅。（3）口(kou)腔护(hu)(hu)理(li)：住院患(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)在留(liu)置胃(wei)(wei)(wei)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)期间机体抵挡力(li)(li)降低，导致口(kou)腔的自洁作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)减弱(ruo)。因(yin)此，留(liu)置胃(wei)(wei)(wei)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)期间，对(dui)(dui)意识(shi)障碍患(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)进行(xing)口(kou)腔护(hu)(hu)理(li)，对(dui)(dui)清醒患(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)嘱定时(shi)刷牙(ya)。（4）心理(li)护(hu)(hu)理(li)：清醒患(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)留(liu)置胃(wei)(wei)(wei)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)时(shi)护(hu)(hu)士应(ying)多与其(qi)沟通，加(jia)强胃(wei)(wei)(wei)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)护(hu)(hu)理(li)知识(shi)的宣教，定时(shi)匡助(zhu)患(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)翻身，推拿背部、肩颈(jing)部，以(yi)减轻因(yin)头(tou)颈(jing)部制动(dong)(dong)(dong)及(ji)被(bei)动(dong)(dong)(dong)---带来的不适(shi)。

一(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)性(xing)(xing)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)吸(xi)痰(tan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)具体(ti)操(cao)作(zuo)方(fang)法是怎样(yang)。温馨提示：为(wei)避(bi)免病人(ren)吸(xi)入的(de)空气(qi)(qi)干(gan)(gan)燥(因无鼻腔(qiang)(qiang)的(de)湿化(hua)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong))，可(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)单层或双层盐水浸湿的(de)纱布覆盖一(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)性(xing)(xing)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)吸(xi)痰(tan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)口(kou)，干(gan)(gan)后随(sui)时更(geng)换。那么，一(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)性(xing)(xing)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)吸(xi)痰(tan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)具体(ti)操(cao)作(zuo)方(fang)法是怎样(yang)? 一(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)性(xing)(xing)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)吸(xi)痰(tan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)为(wei)无菌产品(pin)，经环(huan)氧乙烷灭菌，灭菌有效期2年;一(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)性(xing)(xing)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)吸(xi)痰(tan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)限一(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)性(xing)(xing)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)后销(xiao)毁(hui)，禁止重复(fu)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong);一(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)性(xing)(xing)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)吸(xi)痰(tan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)应存放在通(tong)风、干(gan)(gan)燥、无腐蚀性(xing)(xing)物体(ti)的(de)室(shi)内(nei)。 一(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)性(xing)(xing)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)吸(xi)痰(tan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)具体(ti)操(cao)作(zuo)方(fang)法如下(xia)： 吸(xi)引前先检查吸(xi)引器效能是否良好，吸(xi)引导(dao)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)是否通(tong)畅(chang)。2.备(bei)齐用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)物，置床头柜，向患者(zhe)解释。3.将(jiang)患者(zhe)头偏向一(yi)侧(ce)，并略向后仰。昏迷(mi)患者(zhe)可(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)压(ya)舌板(ban)将(jiang)口(kou)启开(kai)，夹持吸(xi)痰(tan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)由口(kou)腔(qiang)(qiang)颊部(bu)插(cha)至咽喉部(bu)，乘患者(zhe)吸(xi)气(qi)(qi)时将(jiang)吸(xi)痰(tan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)插(cha)入气(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。如口(kou)腔(qiang)(qiang)吸(xi)痰(tan)有困难(nan)时，可(ke)由鼻腔(qiang)(qiang)插(cha)入(颅(lu)底骨折患者(zhe)禁用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong));气(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)插(cha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)或气(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)切开(kai)患者(zhe)，可(ke)由插(cha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)或套管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)内(nei)插(cha)入。

一次性使用吸痰管操作方法(1)检查吸引器各部连接是否完善，有无漏气。优质一次性使用医用换药包接通电源，打开开关，检查吸引器性能，调节负压。一般成人吸痰负压约40-50 kPa，小儿吸痰约13-30kPa，将一次性使用吸痰管置于水中，试验吸引力，并冲洗皮管。(2)将病人头部转向护士，铺治疗巾于颌下。(3)插入一次性使用吸痰管，其顺序是由口腔前庭→颊部→咽部，将各部吸尽。一次性使用医用换药包厂家如口腔吸(xi)痰有(you)困难时，可由鼻(bi)腔插入(ru)(颅底骨折患者禁用)，其顺序由鼻(bi)腔前庭→下鼻(bi)道→鼻(bi)后(hou)孔→咽部→气管(guan)(guan)(约20-25cm)，将分泌物(wu)逐段(duan)吸(xi)尽。若(ruo)有(you)气管(guan)(guan)插管(guan)(guan)或气管(guan)(guan)切(qie)开(kai)时，可由插管(guan)(guan)或套(tao)管(guan)(guan)内插入(ru)，将痰液吸(xi)出。昏迷病人可用压舌板或开(kai)口器先将口启开(kai)，再(zai)行吸(xi)引。