一(yi)次性使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)痰(tan)(tan)(tan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。导(dao)(dao)读：如(ru)何(he)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)一(yi)次性吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)痰(tan)(tan)(tan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)？小编(bian)为大家准备了使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)痰(tan)(tan)(tan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)法和(he)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)痰(tan)(tan)(tan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)需(xu)要注意(yi)的(de)(de)(de)三(san)点，这可(ke)(ke)能对你(ni)有帮助。使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)痰(tan)(tan)(tan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)法：1.检查吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)痰(tan)(tan)(tan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，检查吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)痰(tan)(tan)(tan)装置功(gong)能，检查吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)痰(tan)(tan)(tan)导(dao)(dao)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)是否通(tong)畅，是否影响正常吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)痰(tan)(tan)(tan)手术。2.准备所有吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)痰(tan)(tan)(tan)项(xiang)目，将(jiang)(jiang)这些物品(pin)放(fang)在(zai)(zai)床头柜上，向(xiang)(xiang)病(bing)人解释下一(yi)次手术，说明某些项(xiang)目的(de)(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)情况(kuang)，并为病(bing)人做(zuo)好准备。3.让病(bing)人侧(ce)头，稍向(xiang)(xiang)后(hou)(hou)，如(ru)果病(bing)人本(ben)身处于(yu)昏(hun)迷状态(tai)，需(xu)要用(yong)(yong)(yong)舌板(ban)打开病(bing)人的(de)(de)(de)嘴(zui)，然(ran)(ran)后(hou)(hou)将(jiang)(jiang)痰(tan)(tan)(tan)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)侧(ce)到咽喉(hou)等，当(dang)病(bing)人吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)气(qi)(qi)时，将(jiang)(jiang)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)痰(tan)(tan)(tan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)插(cha)(cha)(cha)入(ru)(ru)(ru)气(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。如(ru)果病(bing)人很难从(cong)嘴(zui)里吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)痰(tan)(tan)(tan)，就可(ke)(ke)以(yi)从(cong)鼻腔(qiang)插(cha)(cha)(cha)入(ru)(ru)(ru)痰(tan)(tan)(tan)。当(dang)然(ran)(ran)，禁止使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)颅(lu)底骨折患(huan)者。对于(yu)气(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)内(nei)插(cha)(cha)(cha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)或气(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)切开术的(de)(de)(de)病(bing)人，可(ke)(ke)以(yi)从(cong)插(cha)(cha)(cha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)或插(cha)(cha)(cha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)中插(cha)(cha)(cha)入(ru)(ru)(ru)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)痰(tan)(tan)(tan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。4.插(cha)(cha)(cha)入(ru)(ru)(ru)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)入(ru)(ru)(ru)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)前，打开吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)入(ru)(ru)(ru)开关。然(ran)(ran)而，T管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)侧(ce)孔应(ying)该放(fang)松，当(dang)痰(tan)(tan)(tan)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)在(zai)(zai)一(yi)定深(shen)度(du)插(cha)(cha)(cha)入(ru)(ru)(ru)气(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)时，可(ke)(ke)根据闭合侧(ce)孔立(li)即吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)痰(tan)(tan)(tan)。吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)痰(tan)(tan)(tan)时，吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)痰(tan)(tan)(tan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)应(ying)从(cong)底部慢慢抬起(qi)，左(zuo)右(you)旋转，以(yi)便吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)痰(tan)(tan)(tan)。防止粘膜被破坏，通(tong)过固定一(yi)个地方(fang)，或向(xiang)(xiang)上和(he)向(xiang)(xiang)下，以(yi)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)引它。吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)痰(tan)(tan)(tan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)取出(chu)后(hou)(hou)，吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)收水分，冲洗管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)内(nei)痰(tan)(tan)(tan)，以(yi)免堵塞痰(tan)(tan)(tan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。关掉吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)开关。

疫苗管理法草案23日首次提请十三届人大常委会第七次会议审议。草案就疫苗管理单独立法，突出疫苗管理特点，强化疫苗的风险管理、全程控制、严格监管和社会共治，切实疫苗安全、有效和规范接种。推荐一次性使用医用导尿包党中央、国务院高度重视疫苗监管工作，要求加快完善疫苗药品监管长效机制。疫苗管理单独立法，有利于进一步提高疫苗管理措施的稳定性。一次性使用医用导尿包批发药监局政策法规(gui)司(si)有关(guan)负责人(ren)介绍，2005年国务院出台了《疫苗(miao)(miao)流(liu)通和预防接种管理条(tiao)例》，并于2016年进行(xing)了修订。此(ci)次提交(jiao)审议的疫苗(miao)(miao)管理法草案(an)，对(dui)疫苗(miao)(miao)研制(zhi)、生产、流(liu)通、预防接种、补(bu)偿(chang)、赔偿(chang)等以法律形式进行(xing)明(ming)确规(gui)定，有利于建立系(xi)统的、全(quan)链条(tiao)的疫苗(miao)(miao)管理制(zhi)度(du)。

对业内(nei)(nei)企(qi)业来说(shuo)，焦(jiao)点核心的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)还有：几十种(zhong)医(yi)疗器械(xie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管理类(lei)(lei)(lei)别降(jiang)了(le)，有从三(san)(san)类(lei)(lei)(lei)降(jiang)为(wei)(wei)二类(lei)(lei)(lei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，也有从二类(lei)(lei)(lei)降(jiang)为(wei)(wei)一类(lei)(lei)(lei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。也有部分产(chan)品是(shi)升(sheng)类(lei)(lei)(lei)了(le)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。还有的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)产(chan)品将(jiang)不再作(zuo)为(wei)(wei)医(yi)疗器械(xie)管理。产(chan)品类(lei)(lei)(lei)别上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)变(bian)化是(shi)要(yao)直接(jie)影响医(yi)疗器械(xie)生产(chan)经营企(qi)业的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，比如生产(chan)企(qi)业，原本自(zi)家(jia)产(chan)品是(shi)三(san)(san)类(lei)(lei)(lei)，降(jiang)为(wei)(wei)二类(lei)(lei)(lei)管理之(zhi)后(hou)，企(qi)业将(jiang)无需再跑到(dao)(dao)北(bei)京(jing)、到(dao)(dao)药(yao)(yao)监(jian)总局来进(jin)行产(chan)品注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)册(ce)(ce)，只(zhi)需在本省(sheng)药(yao)(yao)监(jian)局注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)册(ce)(ce)即可。从二类(lei)(lei)(lei)降(jiang)为(wei)(wei)一类(lei)(lei)(lei)管理的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，生产(chan)企(qi)业则(ze)更(geng)省(sheng)事，产(chan)品无需注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)册(ce)(ce)，只(zhi)需备案即可。降(jiang)类(lei)(lei)(lei)之(zhi)后(hou)，在注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)册(ce)(ce)更(geng)省(sheng)事之(zhi)外(wai)，节省(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)还有注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)册(ce)(ce)费(fei)用。以三(san)(san)类(lei)(lei)(lei)降(jiang)为(wei)(wei)二类(lei)(lei)(lei)为(wei)(wei)例，原有境内(nei)(nei)三(san)(san)类(lei)(lei)(lei)产(chan)品首次注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)册(ce)(ce)要(yao)收费(fei)15.36万(wan)元，而转到(dao)(dao)地(di)方注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)册(ce)(ce)后(hou)，目前收费(fei)最便宜的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)宁夏仅有3.13万(wan)元，还有十多个省(sheng)份则(ze)还没开始收费(fei)呢。当(dang)然，反过来，对升(sheng)类(lei)(lei)(lei)产(chan)品而言，注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)册(ce)(ce)要(yao)比现在麻烦一些(xie)了(le)，由二类(lei)(lei)(lei)升(sheng)为(wei)(wei)三(san)(san)类(lei)(lei)(lei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，风险(xian)级别大增，也将(jiang)面(mian)临药(yao)(yao)监(jian)更(geng)为(wei)(wei)严格和密(mi)集的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)监(jian)管举措。

插(cha)(cha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)时(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)护理(li)(li)(li)⑴清醒患(huan)(huan)(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)：操(cao)纵(zong)中应鼓(gu)励其增强(qiang)(qiang)决心信念，调动自(zi)我控制(zhi)能(neng)力(li)(li)，从而按捺不(bu)良情绪，配(pei)合(he)插(cha)(cha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。插(cha)(cha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)时(shi)(shi)(shi)如(ru)碰(peng)到阻力(li)(li)，切(qie)勿强(qiang)(qiang)行置(zhi)入，应查明发生原因，如(ru)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)腔(qiang)(qiang)内(nei)有堵(du)塞，可向胃(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)内(nei)注入空气，若(ruo)泛起(qi)呃逆(ni)，说明管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)腔(qiang)(qiang)启齿部(bu)(bu)位(wei)在(zai)(zai)食(shi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)内(nei)，可将胃(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)向下试插(cha)(cha)。⑵意识(shi)障(zhang)(zhang)碍(ai)(ai)患(huan)(huan)(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)：可采用诱导吞咽法插(cha)(cha)胃(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)：患(huan)(huan)(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)取平(ping)卧或头高位(wei)，操(cao)纵(zong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)两人分(fen)站两侧，左侧操(cao)纵(zong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)按传统方(fang)法将胃(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)轻(qing)插(cha)(cha)至14～16cm休(xiu)止(zhi)，待患(huan)(huan)(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)不(bu)适症状消失(shi)后(hou)，左侧操(cao)纵(zong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)用木帛(bo)签蘸水(shui)(shui)，轻(qing)擦(ca)患(huan)(huan)(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)唇部(bu)(bu)及(ji)舌面(mian)，见患(huan)(huan)(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)泛起(qi)吞咽动作(zuo)，右(you)侧操(cao)纵(zong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)即(ji)将胃(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)向前推(tui)进送入食(shi)道再(zai)插(cha)(cha)至胃(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)部(bu)(bu)。插(cha)(cha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)后(hou)护理(li)(li)(li)（1）胃(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)留置(zhi)时(shi)(shi)(shi)间(jian)：长期(qi)鼻饲患(huan)(huan)(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)7天更换1次(ci)(ci)胃(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，一次(ci)(ci)性(xing)使用灌肠包(bao)，改插(cha)(cha)另(ling)一侧鼻孔，以预(yu)防鼻咽黏膜(mo)---性(xing)损伤；若(ruo)为硅胶胃(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)则(ze)每(mei)月更换1次(ci)(ci)。（2）保(bao)持胃(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)通(tong)畅：逐日用20ml生理(li)(li)(li)盐水(shui)(shui)冲刷(shua)2次(ci)(ci)，防止(zhi)胃(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)因堵(du)塞或胃(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)液黏稠而引流不(bu)畅。（3）口腔(qiang)(qiang)护理(li)(li)(li)：住院患(huan)(huan)(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)在(zai)(zai)留置(zhi)胃(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)期(qi)间(jian)机体抵挡(dang)力(li)(li)降低，导致口腔(qiang)(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)自(zi)洁作(zuo)用减(jian)弱。因此(ci)，留置(zhi)胃(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)期(qi)间(jian)，对(dui)意识(shi)障(zhang)(zhang)碍(ai)(ai)患(huan)(huan)(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)进行口腔(qiang)(qiang)护理(li)(li)(li)，对(dui)清醒患(huan)(huan)(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)嘱定(ding)时(shi)(shi)(shi)刷(shua)牙。（4）心理(li)(li)(li)护理(li)(li)(li)：清醒患(huan)(huan)(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)留置(zhi)胃(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)时(shi)(shi)(shi)护士应多与(yu)其沟通(tong)，加强(qiang)(qiang)胃(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)护理(li)(li)(li)知(zhi)识(shi)的(de)(de)(de)宣教(jiao)，定(ding)时(shi)(shi)(shi)匡(kuang)助患(huan)(huan)(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)翻身，推(tui)拿背(bei)部(bu)(bu)、肩颈部(bu)(bu)，以减(jian)轻(qing)因头颈部(bu)(bu)制(zhi)动及(ji)被动---带来的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)适。