插管(guan)(guan)时(shi)(shi)的护(hu)理(li)⑴清(qing)醒(xing)患(huan)(huan)(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)：操纵(zong)中应(ying)鼓励其增强决心信(xin)念(nian)，调动(dong)自(zi)我控(kong)制(zhi)能力，从而(er)按捺不(bu)良情绪，配合插管(guan)(guan)。插管(guan)(guan)时(shi)(shi)如碰(peng)到阻力，切(qie)勿强行置入(ru)，应(ying)查(cha)明发生(sheng)原(yuan)因(yin)，如管(guan)(guan)腔(qiang)内有堵(du)塞(sai)，可(ke)(ke)向胃(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)管(guan)(guan)内注入(ru)空气，若(ruo)泛起(qi)呃(e)逆(ni)，说明管(guan)(guan)腔(qiang)启齿部位在食(shi)管(guan)(guan)内，可(ke)(ke)将胃(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)管(guan)(guan)向下试(shi)插。⑵意识障(zhang)碍(ai)患(huan)(huan)(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)：可(ke)(ke)采用诱导吞咽法(fa)插胃(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)管(guan)(guan)：患(huan)(huan)(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)取平(ping)卧(wo)或(huo)头(tou)高位，操纵(zong)者(zhe)(zhe)两人分站(zhan)两侧(ce)(ce)，左(zuo)(zuo)侧(ce)(ce)操纵(zong)者(zhe)(zhe)按传统方法(fa)将胃(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)管(guan)(guan)轻插至(zhi)14～16cm休止，待患(huan)(huan)(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)不(bu)适症(zheng)状消(xiao)失(shi)后，左(zuo)(zuo)侧(ce)(ce)操纵(zong)者(zhe)(zhe)用木帛签蘸水，轻擦患(huan)(huan)(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)唇部及(ji)(ji)舌面，见患(huan)(huan)(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)泛起(qi)吞咽动(dong)作，右侧(ce)(ce)操纵(zong)者(zhe)(zhe)即将胃(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)管(guan)(guan)向前推(tui)进(jin)送(song)入(ru)食(shi)道再插至(zhi)胃(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)部。插管(guan)(guan)后护(hu)理(li)（1）胃(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)管(guan)(guan)留(liu)置时(shi)(shi)间：长期(qi)鼻(bi)饲(si)患(huan)(huan)(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)7天更换1次(ci)胃(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)管(guan)(guan)，一次(ci)性(xing)(xing)使用灌肠(chang)包，改插另(ling)一侧(ce)(ce)鼻(bi)孔(kong)，以(yi)(yi)预防鼻(bi)咽黏膜---性(xing)(xing)损伤；若(ruo)为硅胶胃(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)管(guan)(guan)则每月更换1次(ci)。（2）保持胃(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)管(guan)(guan)通畅：逐(zhu)日用20ml生(sheng)理(li)盐水冲(chong)刷2次(ci)，防止胃(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)管(guan)(guan)因(yin)堵(du)塞(sai)或(huo)胃(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)液(ye)黏稠而(er)引流(liu)不(bu)畅。（3）口(kou)腔(qiang)护(hu)理(li)：住院患(huan)(huan)(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)在留(liu)置胃(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)管(guan)(guan)期(qi)间机(ji)体抵(di)挡力降低，导致口(kou)腔(qiang)的自(zi)洁作用减弱。因(yin)此，留(liu)置胃(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)管(guan)(guan)期(qi)间，对(dui)意识障(zhang)碍(ai)患(huan)(huan)(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)进(jin)行口(kou)腔(qiang)护(hu)理(li)，对(dui)清(qing)醒(xing)患(huan)(huan)(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)嘱定时(shi)(shi)刷牙。（4）心理(li)护(hu)理(li)：清(qing)醒(xing)患(huan)(huan)(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)留(liu)置胃(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)管(guan)(guan)时(shi)(shi)护(hu)士应(ying)多与其沟通，加强胃(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)管(guan)(guan)护(hu)理(li)知识的宣教，定时(shi)(shi)匡助患(huan)(huan)(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)翻身，推(tui)拿背(bei)部、肩颈(jing)部，以(yi)(yi)减轻因(yin)头(tou)颈(jing)部制(zhi)动(dong)及(ji)(ji)被(bei)动(dong)---带来(lai)的不(bu)适。

医疗(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)械(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)标准(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)是(shi)医疗(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)械(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)研制、生产(chan)(chan)、经营、使用(yong)以及监(jian)(jian)督管(guan)理所(suo)共同遵循的(de)(de)技(ji)(ji)术(shu)规范(fan)，是(shi)医疗(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)械(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)监(jian)(jian)管(guan)和产(chan)(chan)业发展的(de)(de)重要技(ji)(ji)术(shu)支撑。药监(jian)(jian)局(ju)高度(du)重视医疗(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)械(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)标准(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)，按(an)照“四(si)个(ge)严”的(de)(de)要求(qiu)，结合(he)医疗(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)械(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)产(chan)(chan)业发展和监(jian)(jian)管(guan)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)实(shi)(shi)际，不断完(wan)善医疗(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)械(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)标准(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)管(guan)理制度(du)体系、持续开展医疗(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)械(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)标准(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)制修(xiu)订(ding)(ding)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)，我(wo)(wo)国(guo)医疗(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)械(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)标准(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)体系不断完(wan)善，医疗(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)械(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)标准(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)对监(jian)(jian)管(guan)和产(chan)(chan)业发展的(de)(de)技(ji)(ji)术(shu)支撑能力(li)持续提升(sheng)。一(yi)、加强医疗(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)械(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)标准(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)制度(du)建设。为贯彻(che)(che)落实(shi)(shi)国(guo)务院深化标准(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)化改(gai)革重大(da)决策部署(shu)，依据《中华人民(min)共和国(guo)标准(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)化法》，立(li)足(zu)我(wo)(wo)国(guo)医疗(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)械(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)产(chan)(chan)业发展和监(jian)(jian)管(guan)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)实(shi)(shi)际，2017年4月，原(yuan)食品(pin)药品(pin)监(jian)(jian)管(guan)总局(ju)修(xiu)订(ding)(ding)印发《医疗(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)械(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)标准(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)管(guan)理办(ban)法》，该办(ban)法的(de)(de)出台(tai)对指导我(wo)(wo)国(guo)医疗(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)械(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)标准(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)管(guan)理、规范(fan)标准(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)制修(xiu)订(ding)(ding)、促进标准(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)实(shi)(shi)施、提升(sheng)医疗(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)械(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)质(zhi)量等(deng)起到了(le)(le)积极作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)。为贯彻(che)(che)落实(shi)(shi)《医疗(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)械(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)标准(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)管(guan)理办(ban)法》，原(yuan)食品(pin)药品(pin)监(jian)(jian)管(guan)总局(ju)先后印发《医疗(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)械(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)标准(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)制修(xiu)订(ding)(ding)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)管(guan)理规范(fan)》和《医疗(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)械(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)标准(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)报(bao)批发布工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)细则》等(deng)文件(jian)，进一(yi)步规范(fan)了(le)(le)医疗(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)械(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)标准(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)程(cheng)序，强化了(le)(le)标准(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)精细化过程(cheng)管(guan)理，为提升(sheng)医疗(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)械(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)标准(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)质(zhi)量奠(dian)定了(le)(le)坚实(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)制度(du)基(ji)础。

使用说明：1、确认在灭菌有效期内和包装完好后，撕开启封口，取出导尿包放置在工作台上；2、戴上薄膜手套，用镊子（圆头）镊取碘伏棉球/或洗必泰棉球，优质一次性使用医用导尿包对患处消毒处理3、在换戴灭菌橡胶外科手套/医用橡胶检查手套，将治疗巾覆盖在患处，中洞处露出尿道口4、取镊子（尖头）镊取石蜡棉球润滑导尿管，然后双手配合将导尿管插入尿道，一次性使用医用导尿包批发用(yong)(yong)液体推注器(qi)吸取(qu)定量无(wu)菌(jun)水充入导(dao)(dao)尿(niao)(niao)(niao)管(guan)球(qiu)囊，使球(qiu)囊与(yu)导(dao)(dao)尿(niao)(niao)(niao)壁(bi)相接(jie)，然(ran)后将引流(liu)袋与(yu)导(dao)(dao)尿(niao)(niao)(niao)管(guan)连接(jie)进行导(dao)(dao)尿(niao)(niao)(niao)； 5、用(yong)(yong)取(qu)样管(guan)取(qu)样并送(song)检(jian) 6、导(dao)(dao)尿(niao)(niao)(niao)完(wan)(wan)毕，用(yong)(yong)液体推助器(qi)抽出(chu)球(qiu)囊内的(de)无(wu)菌(jun)水，拔出(chu)导(dao)(dao)尿(niao)(niao)(niao)管(guan)； 7、用(yong)(yong)海绵刷子蘸取(qu)酒精进行清洁处理，再用(yong)(yong)纱布叠(die)片(pian)或(huo)棉球(qiu)擦试干净(jing)8、按无(wu)菌(jun)操(cao)作规程进行，导(dao)(dao)尿(niao)(niao)(niao)完(wan)(wan)毕，丢弃所有组件。 一次性(xing)使用(yong)(yong)导(dao)(dao)尿(niao)(niao)(niao)包(bao)。注意事项：1、本产品限一次性(xing)使用(yong)(yong)，用(yong)(yong)后销毁；

一(yi)(yi)次性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)使(shi)(shi)用换(huan)(huan)(huan)药(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)包(bao)(bao)怎么换(huan)(huan)(huan)药(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)？我们应该怎么使(shi)(shi)用一(yi)(yi)次性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)换(huan)(huan)(huan)药(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)包(bao)(bao)？所谓一(yi)(yi)次性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)换(huan)(huan)(huan)药(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)包(bao)(bao)，顾名思义(yi)当然是(shi)作为一(yi)(yi)款一(yi)(yi)次性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)换(huan)(huan)(huan)药(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)的产(chan)品，一(yi)(yi)般情(qing)况下(xia)里面(mian)都会(hui)有一(yi)(yi)次性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)镊子、纱(sha)布、棉球(qiu)、乳(ru)胶手套(tao)/PE手套(tao)等等，放在(zai)家中，随(sui)时(shi)随(sui)地(di)都可(ke)以(yi)使(shi)(shi)用，而且就(jiu)算出去旅游时(shi)，也(ye)可(ke)以(yi)携带一(yi)(yi)次性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)换(huan)(huan)(huan)药(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)包(bao)(bao)，遇到擦伤或(huo)磕碰的时(shi)候，就(jiu)可(ke)直接使(shi)(shi)用。需(xu)要(yao)注意的是(shi)，一(yi)(yi)次性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)换(huan)(huan)(huan)药(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)包(bao)(bao)内一(yi)(yi)般没有消(xiao)毒酒精，所以(yi)家里好配备消(xiao)毒酒精。一(yi)(yi)次性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)换(huan)(huan)(huan)药(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)包(bao)(bao)使(shi)(shi)用方法：1取(qu)出一(yi)(yi)次性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)换(huan)(huan)(huan)药(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)包(bao)(bao)内的医用手套(tao)，戴(dai)上；2、取(qu)出镊子、棉球(qiu)，沾(zhan)酒精，对擦伤的伤口进行消(xiao)毒处理；3、如果伤口比(bi)较大，就(jiu)需(xu)要(yao)用纱(sha)布进行包(bao)(bao)扎(zha)。4、使(shi)(shi)用后，销毁换(huan)(huan)(huan)药(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)包(bao)(bao)内的所有物品，内置产(chan)品皆为一(yi)(yi)次性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)使(shi)(shi)用产(chan)品，不可(ke)重复之(zhi)用。

一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)性使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)换(huan)药包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)创(chuang)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)护(hu)理。现在对我们来(lai)说医(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)院(yuan)是(shi)不陌生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)，光顾医(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)院(yuan)是(shi)在所难(nan)免(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)，虽(sui)说人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)无大灾(zai)大难(nan)，但是(shi)小(xiao)病小(xiao)灾(zai)在所难(nan)免(mian)(mian)。有时候，稍微严重的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)点的(de)(de)(de)病情，医(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)则会建(jian)议(yi)患者动(dong)手术。而(er)术后伤口(kou)和(he)创(chuang)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)护(hu)理则是(shi)非常重要的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)步，常常需要通过换(huan)药包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)来(lai)清洗(xi)、包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)扎伤口(kou)。一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)性换(huan)药包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)经(jing)常用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)在外科的(de)(de)(de)护(hu)理上(shang)面(mian)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)性换(huan)药包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)一(yi)(yi)(yi)般内(nei)装一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)性镊子、沙布(bu)、棉球、乳胶手套或PE手套，居家常备实用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)小(xiao)药包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)，有擦伤，磕碰(peng)，十分的(de)(de)(de)方便。一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)性使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)换(huan)药包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)性无菌(jun)换(huan)药包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)由弯盘、垫单(dan)、镊子、纱布(bu)、棉球等组成(cheng)。经(jing)密(mi)封包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)装及环氧乙烷(wan)灭菌(jun)仅(jin)供一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)性使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。主要用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)临(lin)床(chuang)伤口(kou)、创(chuang)面(mian)或手术切(qie)口(kou)换(huan)药用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。克服了普通医(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)疗(liao)器重复使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)灭菌(jun)不严造成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)传染(ran)疾病的(de)(de)(de)交叉(cha)感染(ran)，又可减少医(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)院(yuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)灭菌(jun)清毒的(de)(de)(de)大量人(ren)力(li)(li)和(he)物(wu)力(li)(li)，有效(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)提高(gao)了医(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)院(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)工作效(xiao)率，为医(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)和(he)疾病患者提供了健康保障。那么，换(huan)药包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)究竟如何(he)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)？一(yi)(yi)(yi)起来(lai)看(kan)看(kan)！

一(yi)(yi)次性(xing)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)无(wu)(wu)菌(jun)导(dao)尿(niao)(niao)包是一(yi)(yi)款身(shen)体行动(dong)不(bu)方便或者(zhe)手(shou)术后没有办法(fa)自 由行动(dong)患者(zhe)设计而(er)成的一(yi)(yi)次性(xing)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)产(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)。本(ben)产(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)是由注(zhu)射器、导(dao)尿(niao)(niao)管(guan)、 导(dao)管(guan)夹、塑(su)料镊.塑(su)料试(shi)管(guan)、孔巾(jin)、展巾(jin)、纱布块、止水器、润(run)(run)滑(hua)剂(ji)、引流袋托盘、消毒棉球手(shou)套(tao)组成的-套(tao)产(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)。那么(me)，本(ben)产(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)如何使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)?有哪些注(zhu)意事项(xiang)?在使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)本(ben)产(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)的时候首先要(yao)润(run)(run)滑(hua),就(jiu)是胶乳(ru)导(dao)尿(niao)(niao)管(guan)插(cha)(cha)入前,需用(yong)(yong)(yong)医用(yong)(yong)(yong)润(run)(run)滑(hua)剂(ji)润(run)(run)滑(hua)。超滑(hua)胶乳(ru)导(dao)尿(niao)(niao)管(guan)插(cha)(cha)入前先用(yong)(yong)(yong)无(wu)(wu)菌(jun)水充分湿润(run)(run),即(ji)达(da)到超滑(hua)效果,无(wu)(wu)需使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)润(run)(run)滑(hua)剂(ji)。然后就(jiu)是插(cha)(cha)入和注(zhu)水等的步骤了。就(jiu)是将润(run)(run)滑(hua)后的导(dao)管(guan)小心插(cha)(cha)入膀胱(guang),用(yong)(yong)(yong)不(bu)带针的注(zhu)射器注(zhu)入定量(liang)无(wu)(wu)菌(jun)水,使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)膨胀(zhang)了的水妻卡信膀胱(guang)即(ji)可。后取出排水管(guan)。还需要(yao)医护人(ren)(ren)员留(liu)置观(guan)察(cha)以及护理。在使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)时也要(yao)注(zhu)意,不(bu)要(yao)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)含(han)石油(you)基质的润(run)(run)滑(hua)剂(ji);而(er)且,本(ben)产(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)经环氧(yang)乙烷灭(mie)莹,供一(yi)(yi)次性(xing)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong),如包装破损,不(bu)能使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong);本(ben)产(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)仅(jin)供医护人(ren)(ren)员操作使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong),储(chu)藏要(yao)避光防热。