一(yi)(yi)次(ci)性(xing)(xing)换(huan)药(yao)包(bao)如何使用一(yi)(yi)次(ci)性(xing)(xing)换(huan)药(yao)包(bao)经常(chang)用在(zai)外科的护理(li)上面，一(yi)(yi)次(ci)性(xing)(xing)换(huan)药(yao)包(bao)一(yi)(yi)般内(nei)装(zhuang)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)性(xing)(xing)镊子、沙布(bu)、棉球、乳胶手套或PE手套，居家常(chang)备实用小药(yao)包(bao)，有擦伤(shang)(shang)，磕碰，十分的方便1一(yi)(yi)次(ci)性(xing)(xing)换(huan)药(yao)包(bao)是一(yi)(yi)个(ge)很实用的物件(jian)，居家旅行，家中常(chang)备，当出现擦伤(shang)(shang)碰伤(shang)(shang)时使用非常(chang)方便。2打开药(yao)包(bao)，里面得(de)物品时非常(chang)齐全的，一(yi)(yi)点不(bu)足的是没有消毒酒(jiu)精。3取出镊子，棉球，沾酒(jiu)精对擦伤(shang)(shang)伤(shang)(shang)口进行消毒处(chu)理(li)，如过(guo)需要纱布(bu)包(bao)的话(hua)可以包(bao)一(yi)(yi)下。

插(cha)(cha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)时(shi)的护(hu)(hu)理(li)(li)(li)⑴清醒患(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)：操纵中应鼓励其增强(qiang)决(jue)心信(xin)念，调动自我控制能力，从(cong)而按捺不良情绪，配合插(cha)(cha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。插(cha)(cha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)时(shi)如(ru)碰到(dao)阻力，切勿(wu)强(qiang)行(xing)置入，应查明发生(sheng)原(yuan)因(yin)，如(ru)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)腔(qiang)内(nei)有堵塞，可向(xiang)胃(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)内(nei)注入空气(qi)，若(ruo)泛(fan)起(qi)呃逆，说(shuo)明管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)腔(qiang)启齿部(bu)位(wei)在(zai)食管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)内(nei)，可将(jiang)(jiang)胃(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)向(xiang)下试插(cha)(cha)。⑵意识(shi)障碍患(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)：可采用诱导吞(tun)咽法(fa)插(cha)(cha)胃(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)：患(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)取平卧或头(tou)高位(wei)，操纵者(zhe)(zhe)两人分站两侧(ce)(ce)，左侧(ce)(ce)操纵者(zhe)(zhe)按传统方法(fa)将(jiang)(jiang)胃(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)轻插(cha)(cha)至(zhi)14～16cm休止，待患(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)不适(shi)症状消(xiao)失后，左侧(ce)(ce)操纵者(zhe)(zhe)用木帛签蘸水(shui)，轻擦(ca)患(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)唇部(bu)及舌面，见患(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)泛(fan)起(qi)吞(tun)咽动作，右侧(ce)(ce)操纵者(zhe)(zhe)即将(jiang)(jiang)胃(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)向(xiang)前(qian)推进(jin)送入食道再插(cha)(cha)至(zhi)胃(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)部(bu)。插(cha)(cha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)后护(hu)(hu)理(li)(li)(li)（1）胃(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)留置时(shi)间：长期(qi)鼻饲患(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)7天更换1次(ci)胃(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，一次(ci)性使用灌(guan)肠(chang)包(bao)，改插(cha)(cha)另一侧(ce)(ce)鼻孔，以预防鼻咽黏膜---性损(sun)伤；若(ruo)为硅(gui)胶(jiao)胃(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)则(ze)每月更换1次(ci)。（2）保持胃(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)通畅：逐日用20ml生(sheng)理(li)(li)(li)盐水(shui)冲刷2次(ci)，防止胃(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)因(yin)堵塞或胃(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)液黏稠而引流不畅。（3）口腔(qiang)护(hu)(hu)理(li)(li)(li)：住院患(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)在(zai)留置胃(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)期(qi)间机(ji)体抵挡力降(jiang)低，导致口腔(qiang)的自洁(jie)作用减弱。因(yin)此，留置胃(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)期(qi)间，对意识(shi)障碍患(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)进(jin)行(xing)口腔(qiang)护(hu)(hu)理(li)(li)(li)，对清醒患(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)嘱定(ding)时(shi)刷牙。（4）心理(li)(li)(li)护(hu)(hu)理(li)(li)(li)：清醒患(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)留置胃(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)时(shi)护(hu)(hu)士应多与其沟(gou)通，加强(qiang)胃(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)护(hu)(hu)理(li)(li)(li)知识(shi)的宣教，定(ding)时(shi)匡助患(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)翻身，推拿背部(bu)、肩颈部(bu)，以减轻因(yin)头(tou)颈部(bu)制动及被(bei)动---带来的不适(shi)。

导(dao)(dao)(dao)尿(niao)设(she)备(bei)在(zai)(zai)医疗当中也(ye)是(shi)(shi)经常使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)种产(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin),在(zai)(zai)泌尿(niao)肛(gang)肠等医疗科室经常用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)到导(dao)(dao)(dao)尿(niao)设(she)备(bei)一(yi)般(ban)(ban)都是(shi)(shi)一(yi)次性(xing)(xing)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)。下面介绍的(de)(de)(de)这(zhei)(zhei)种-次性(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)无(wu)莹(ying)导(dao)(dao)(dao)尿(niao)产(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)就是(shi)(shi)同类(lei)产(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)中性(xing)(xing)能(neng)非(fei)常优越的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)种。产(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)途和(he)性(xing)(xing)能(neng),这(zhei)(zhei)种-次性(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)无(wu)菌导(dao)(dao)(dao)尿(niao)包主要是(shi)(shi)给临床上的(de)(de)(de)患(huan)者导(dao)(dao)(dao)尿(niao)之(zhi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，这(zhei)(zhei)种产(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)是(shi)(shi)经过(guo)了(le)环(huan)氧乙(yi)烷灭莹(ying),非(fei)常的(de)(de)(de)卫生(sheng)和(he)安全(quan)，使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)起来也(ye)非(fei)常方(fang)便(bian)。该产(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)是(shi)(shi)由(you)洞巾(jin),布(bu)和(he)一(yi)次性(xing)(xing)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)导(dao)(dao)(dao)尿(niao)管(guan)、橡胶医用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)手套(tao)、海绵(mian)刷(shua)、纱布(bu)块、石蜡棉球物品(pin)(pin)盒和(he)一(yi)次性(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)引(yin)流袋等几部分组(zu)成。这(zhei)(zhei)种- -次性(xing)(xing)产(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)起来也(ye)非(fei)常方(fang)便(bian)。这(zhei)(zhei)种产(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)起来也(ye)比较简单,首先,在(zai)(zai)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)前要检查单包装(zhuang)是(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)没有(you)(you)损坏,灭菌的(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)期(qi)是(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)正(zheng)常;其(qi)次,在(zai)(zai)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)时候,先打开(kai)包装(zhuang),在(zai)(zai)将(jiang)包布(bu)打开(kai),再戴上手套(tao),然后(hou);按照常规(gui)的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)法来使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)导(dao)(dao)(dao)尿(niao)包里的(de)(de)(de)组(zu)件;其(qi)三,-般(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)(de)产(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)期(qi)是(shi)(shi)两年 ,如果产(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)已经过(guo)了(le)有(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)期(qi),绝对(dui)不(bu)(bu)能(neng)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong);四(si),如果包装(zhuang)破损了(le)也(ye)不(bu)(bu)能(neng)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong);五,这(zhei)(zhei)是(shi)(shi)-次性(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)产(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)，禁止重复(fu)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),在(zai)(zai)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)完后(hou)要销(xiao)毁,生(sheng)产(chan)(chan)日(ri)期(qi)般(ban)(ban)在(zai)(zai)包装(zhuang)封(feng)口处。

指(zhi)导要点1.告知患(huan)(huan)(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)胸(xiong)腔引流(liu)(liu)(liu)的目的及配(pei)合方(fang)(fang)法(fa)。2.鼓励患(huan)(huan)(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)咳嗽(sou)，深呼吸及变(bian)换体位(wei)，并告知正确咳嗽(sou)、深呼吸、变(bian)换体位(wei)的方(fang)(fang)法(fa)。（四(si)）注意(yi)事项(xiang)。1.出(chu)(chu)血(xue)量多于(yu)100ml／h，呈鲜(xian)红色(se)，有(you)(you)血(xue)凝块，同时(shi)(shi)伴有(you)(you)脉搏增(zeng)快(kuai)，提(ti)示有(you)(you)活动(dong)性出(chu)(chu)血(xue)的可能，及时(shi)(shi)通知医生(sheng)。2.水封瓶打破或(huo)接(jie)头滑脱时(shi)(shi)，要立即(ji)夹(jia)闭(bi)或(huo)反折(zhe)近胸(xiong)端胸(xiong)引管。3.引流(liu)(liu)(liu)管自胸(xiong)壁(bi)伤(shang)(shang)(shang)口(kou)脱出(chu)(chu)，立即(ji)用手顺皮肤(fu)纹(wen)理方(fang)(fang)向捏紧引流(liu)(liu)(liu)口(kou)周围皮肤(fu)（注意(yi)不(bu)要直(zhi)接(jie)接(jie)触伤(shang)(shang)(shang)口(kou)），并立即(ji)通知医生(sheng)处理。4.患(huan)(huan)(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)下(xia)床活动(dong)时(shi)(shi)，引流(liu)(liu)(liu)瓶的位(wei)置应低于(yu)膝盖且保持平稳，保障长管没入液面下(xia)；外(wai)出(chu)(chu)检(jian)查前(qian)须将引流(liu)(liu)(liu)管夹(jia)闭(bi)，漏气(qi)(qi)明显的患(huan)(huan)(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)不(bu)可夹(jia)闭(bi)胸(xiong)引管。5.拔管后(hou)注意(yi)观察患(huan)(huan)(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)有(you)(you)无胸(xiong)闷、憋气(qi)(qi)，皮下(xia)气(qi)(qi)肿，伤(shang)(shang)(shang)口(kou)渗液及出(chu)(chu)血(xue)等症状(zhuang)，有(you)(you)异常及时(shi)(shi)通知医生(sheng)。一(yi)次性使用导尿(niao)包(bao)(bao)（三）指(zhi)导要点。1.告知患(huan)(huan)(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)心包(bao)(bao)、纵膈引流(liu)(liu)(liu)的目的、配(pei)合方(fang)(fang)法(fa)。2.告知患(huan)(huan)(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)更换体位(wei)时(shi)(shi)防止引流(liu)(liu)(liu)管意(yi)外(wai)脱出(chu)(chu)或(huo)打折(zhe)、受压(ya)等措施。

2月13日，联合整治“保健”市场乱象百日行动联合工作组在市场监管总局召开工作组会议。医用一次性使用无菌阴道扩张器市场监管总局副局长甘霖同志出席会议并讲话，市场监管总局、工业和信息化部、公安部、民政部、住房和城乡建设部、农业农村部、商务部、文化和旅游部、一次性使用无菌阴道扩张器批发卫生健(jian)康委员(yuan)(yuan)会(hui)、广播电视总(zong)(zong)(zong)局(ju)、中医药(yao)管(guan)理局(ju)、药(yao)品监督管(guan)理局(ju)、网信(xin)办等(deng)13部(bu)门(men)成(cheng)员(yuan)(yuan)单位负(fu)责同志及(ji)联(lian)络(luo)员(yuan)(yuan)和市(shi)场监管(guan)总(zong)(zong)(zong)局(ju)“百(bai)(bai)日(ri)(ri)行(xing)动(dong)(dong)(dong)”工作组成(cheng)员(yuan)(yuan)单位负(fu)责同志及(ji)联(lian)络(luo)员(yuan)(yuan)参(can)加会(hui)议。“百(bai)(bai)日(ri)(ri)行(xing)动(dong)(dong)(dong)”开(kai)展以来，各部(bu)门(men)积极落实(shi)《关于开(kai)展联(lian)合(he)整治(zhi)“保健(jian)”市(shi)场乱(luan)象(xiang)百(bai)(bai)日(ri)(ri)行(xing)动(dong)(dong)(dong)的通知》要求，立足自(zi)身职能(neng)，迅速部(bu)署落实(shi)，在相(xiang)关领域(yu)和行(xing)业内开(kai)展行(xing)动(dong)(dong)(dong)。市(shi)场监管(guan)总(zong)(zong)(zong)局(ju)切实(shi)履行(xing)监管(guan)执法、联(lian)络(luo)调度(du)、汇(hui)集信(xin)息、服务保障等(deng)职责，通过建立工作协调机制、建立工作台账、召(zhao)开(kai)调度(du)会(hui)议、加强新闻(wen)宣传等(deng)方式，组织各部(bu)门(men)、市(shi)场监管(guan)系统(tong)迅速深入开(kai)展“百(bai)(bai)日(ri)(ri)行(xing)动(dong)(dong)(dong)”。