女(nv)性(xing)(xing)在(zai)进(jin)行(xing)妇科检(jian)查时(shi)(shi)发现一种辅(fu)助性(xing)(xing)检(jian)查器械(xie)(xie)，人们(men)将其称为阴(yin)(yin)道(dao)扩(kuo)(kuo)张(zhang)器。很多女(nv)性(xing)(xing)对这个检(jian)查器械(xie)(xie)不甚了解，因(yin)此在(zai)检(jian)查时(shi)(shi)都存在(zai)畏惧心理。那么，在(zai)进(jin)行(xing)妇科检(jian)查时(shi)(shi)阴(yin)(yin)道(dao)扩(kuo)(kuo)张(zhang)器的使用方(fang)法是(shi)(shi)(shi)怎样的呢？以(yi)下(xia)就相关方(fang)面(mian)的知识(shi)内容(rong)为您进(jin)行(xing)相应的介绍。1.术者(zhe)或者(zhe)检(jian)查者(zhe)带无菌手套，准备好阴(yin)(yin)道(dao)扩(kuo)(kuo)张(zhang)器。一手执器，一手轻(qing)(qing)轻(qing)(qing)分开两侧小阴(yin)(yin)唇，暴露阴(yin)(yin)道(dao)。 2.将阴(yin)(yin)道(dao)扩(kuo)(kuo)张(zhang)器轻(qing)(qing)轻(qing)(qing)顺着阴(yin)(yin)道(dao)走(zou)行(xing)、阴(yin)(yin)道(dao)纵线与扩(kuo)(kuo)张(zhang)器大的横(heng)径(jing)呈(cheng)0度角度送入。慢慢张(zhang)开上下(xia)双叶。3.暴露宫(gong)颈。至此，观(guan)(guan)察阴(yin)(yin)道(dao)壁、阴(yin)(yin)道(dao)穹窿部情(qing)况，是(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)有肿(zhong)(zhong)瘤、擦伤(shang)、红肿(zhong)(zhong)；赘生(sheng)物等(deng)。继而观(guan)(guan)察阴(yin)(yin)道(dao)分泌物的性(xing)(xing)状(zhuang)：味儿、色、粘稠度等(deng)，记录之(zhi)。宫(gong)颈情(qing)况所见:表(biao)面(mian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)光滑(hua)、是(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)有赘生(sheng)物以(yi)及肿(zhong)(zhong)瘤、息肉；宫(gong)颈表(biao)面(mian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)有隐藏或暴露的囊(nang)肿(zhong)(zhong)等(deng)。是(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)肥大、出血、肿(zhong)(zhong)胀，记录之(zhi)；是(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)红肿(zhong)(zhong)紫，记录之(zhi)。

一次性(xing)(xing)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)换(huan)药(yao)包(bao)(bao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)创(chuang)(chuang)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)护理(li)。现在(zai)对我(wo)们来说(shuo)医(yi)(yi)院(yuan)是(shi)不陌(mo)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，光顾医(yi)(yi)院(yuan)是(shi)在(zai)所难(nan)免的(de)(de)(de)(de)，虽说(shuo)人的(de)(de)(de)(de)一生(sheng)(sheng)无大灾大难(nan)，但是(shi)小病小灾在(zai)所难(nan)免。有时候，稍微严(yan)重(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一点的(de)(de)(de)(de)病情(qing)，医(yi)(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)则会建议患者动手(shou)术(shu)。而术(shu)后伤口(kou)和(he)创(chuang)(chuang)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)护理(li)则是(shi)非常(chang)(chang)重(zhong)要的(de)(de)(de)(de)一步，常(chang)(chang)常(chang)(chang)需要通(tong)(tong)过换(huan)药(yao)包(bao)(bao)来清洗(xi)、包(bao)(bao)扎(zha)伤口(kou)。一次性(xing)(xing)换(huan)药(yao)包(bao)(bao)经(jing)常(chang)(chang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)在(zai)外科的(de)(de)(de)(de)护理(li)上面，一次性(xing)(xing)换(huan)药(yao)包(bao)(bao)一般内装一次性(xing)(xing)镊子、沙布、棉(mian)球、乳胶手(shou)套(tao)或PE手(shou)套(tao)，居家常(chang)(chang)备实用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)小药(yao)包(bao)(bao)，有擦伤，磕碰，十分的(de)(de)(de)(de)方便。一次性(xing)(xing)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)换(huan)药(yao)包(bao)(bao)一次性(xing)(xing)无菌(jun)换(huan)药(yao)包(bao)(bao)由(you)弯盘、垫单、镊子、纱(sha)布、棉(mian)球等组成(cheng)。经(jing)密封包(bao)(bao)装及(ji)环氧乙烷(wan)灭(mie)菌(jun)仅(jin)供(gong)(gong)一次性(xing)(xing)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。主要用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)临(lin)床伤口(kou)、创(chuang)(chuang)面或手(shou)术(shu)切口(kou)换(huan)药(yao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。克服了(le)(le)普(pu)通(tong)(tong)医(yi)(yi)疗器重(zhong)复使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)灭(mie)菌(jun)不严(yan)造成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)传(chuan)染疾病的(de)(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)叉感染，又可减少(shao)医(yi)(yi)院(yuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)灭(mie)菌(jun)清毒的(de)(de)(de)(de)大量人力和(he)物力，有效(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)提高了(le)(le)医(yi)(yi)院(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工作效(xiao)率，为医(yi)(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)和(he)疾病患者提供(gong)(gong)了(le)(le)健康(kang)保障。那么，换(huan)药(yao)包(bao)(bao)究竟(jing)如何(he)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)？一起来看(kan)看(kan)！

如何预防(fang)插(cha)导(dao)尿(niao)(niao)包(bao)(bao)(bao)时(shi)出现(xian)感(gan)(gan)染现(xian)象?全(quan)(quan)科(ke)医(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)是经(jing)过全(quan)(quan)科(ke)医(yi)学(xue)专(zhuan)业培训(xun)，临床技能全(quan)(quan)面、医(yi)德高尚的(de)(de)(de)高素质基(ji)层医(yi)疗(liao)(liao)保健(jian)人才(cai),富有独立(li)工作(zuo)能力(li),对个人家(jia)庭及(ji)社(she)区(qu)提供便捷、廉价的(de)(de)(de)防(fang)、 治保康全(quan)(quan)方(fang)位(wei)的(de)(de)(de)优质服务(wu)。开展全(quan)(quan)科(ke)医(yi)疗(liao)(liao)服务(wu), 如果(guo)没有具有活力(li)的(de)(de)(de)全(quan)(quan)科(ke)医(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)做(zuo)坚实的(de)(de)(de)基(ji)础,工作(zuo)将缺乏生(sheng)(sheng)气和动力(li),那种以单(dan)纯的(de)(de)(de)专(zhuan)科(ke)医(yi)疗(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)服务(wu)体(ti)系(xi),势必造成医(yi)疗(liao)(liao)秩序的(de)(de)(de)混乱,也没有任何国家(jia)的(de)(de)(de)经(jing)济能够负(fu)担得起(qi)。那么,插(cha)导(dao)尿(niao)(niao)管(guan)(guan)如何预防(fang)感(gan)(gan)染呢(ni)?导(dao)尿(niao)(niao)包(bao)(bao)(bao)相(xiang)关尿(niao)(niao)路感(gan)(gan)染预防(fang)SOP尿(niao)(niao)路感(gan)(gan)染(UTI)是二位(wei)常见医(yi)院感(gan)(gan)染类型, 75% ~ 80%与留置(zhi)导(dao)尿(niao)(niao)管(guan)(guan)相(xiang)关。为(wei)有效预防(fang)导(dao)尿(niao)(niao)管(guan)(guan)相(xiang)关尿(niao)(niao)路感(gan)(gan)染,特制定以下控制措(cuo)施(shi):插(cha)管(guan)(guan)前准备与插(cha)管(guan)(guan)时(shi)的(de)(de)(de)措(cuo)施(shi)1.尽量避免不(bu)必要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)留置(zhi)导(dao)尿(niao)(niao);2.仔细检查无菌(jun)导(dao)尿(niao)(niao)包(bao)(bao)(bao)，如过期(qi)、外(wai)包(bao)(bao)(bao)装破(po)损(sun)潮湿(shi),不(bu)得使用;3.根(gen)据(ju)年(nian)龄、性(xing)别、尿(niao)(niao)道(dao)(dao)(dao)情况选(xuan)(xuan)择合适的(de)(de)(de)导(dao)尿(niao)(niao)管(guan)(guan)口径、类型。通常成年(nian)男性(xing)选(xuan)(xuan)16F ,女(nv)性(xing)选(xuan)(xuan)14F ;4.规范手卫生(sheng)(sheng)和载手套的(de)(de)(de)程序;5.常规的(de)(de)(de)消毒方(fang)法:用0.1%的(de)(de)(de)新洁尔灭消毒尿(niao)(niao)道(dao)(dao)(dao)口及(ji)其周围(wei)皮(pi)肤粘(zhan)膜,程序如下:男性(xing):自(zi)尿(niao)(niao)道(dao)(dao)(dao)口、龟头向外(wai)旋转擦拭消毒,注意洗(xi)净包(bao)(bao)(bao)皮(pi)及(ji)冠状沟。女(nv)性(xing):先清(qing)洗(xi)外(wai)阴,其原则(ze)由上至下,由内向外(wai),然(ran)后(hou)清(qing)洗(xi)尿(niao)(niao)道(dao)(dao)(dao)口、前庭、两侧大小阴唇,后(hou)会阴、肛门,每一个棉球不(bu)能重(zhong)复使用;6.插(cha)管(guan)(guan)过程严格执(zhi)行无菌(jun)操作(zuo),动作(zuo)要(yao)轻柔,避免尿(niao)(niao)道(dao)(dao)(dao)粘(zhan)膜损(sun)伤;7.对留置(zhi)导(dao)尿(niao)(niao)患者,应采(cai)用密(mi)闭式引(yin)流系(xi)统。

2019年一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)口(kou)(kou)(kou)腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)护(hu)(hu)(hu)理(li)(li)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)报(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)告(gao)(gao)一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)口(kou)(kou)(kou)腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)护(hu)(hu)(hu)理(li)(li)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)报(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)告(gao)(gao)是(shi)(shi)报(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)告(gao)(gao)大(da)厅(ting)在对(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)要从事(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)口(kou)(kou)(kou)腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)护(hu)(hu)(hu)理(li)(li)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)业(ye)或(huo)(huo)者要进(jin)(jin)入投(tou)资(zi)(zi)之前，对(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)口(kou)(kou)(kou)腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)护(hu)(hu)(hu)理(li)(li)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)业(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)相(xiang)关(guan)因素(su)以及(ji)(ji)具体(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)情(qing)(qing)进(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)具体(ti)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)、分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)(xi)、调查以及(ji)(ji)评估项目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、效(xiao)果(guo)效(xiao)益等，从而提(ti)出(chu)建(jian)设(she)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)意见以及(ji)(ji)建(jian)议对(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)策(ce)。为(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)口(kou)(kou)(kou)腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)护(hu)(hu)(hu)理(li)(li)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)业(ye)投(tou)资(zi)(zi)决策(ce)者或(huo)(huo)者是(shi)(shi)主(zhu)管总结下研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)报(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)告(gao)(gao)！ 一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)口(kou)(kou)(kou)腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)护(hu)(hu)(hu)理(li)(li)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)报(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)告(gao)(gao)主(zhu)要是(shi)(shi)对(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)(xi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)口(kou)(kou)(kou)腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)护(hu)(hu)(hu)理(li)(li)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)业(ye)需(xu)求、供给、经营(ying)特性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、获取能力(li)(li)、产业(ye)链和(he)(he)(he)价值链等多方(fang)(fang)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)内容(rong)，整合行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)业(ye)、市(shi)场、企业(ye)、用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)户(hu)等多层(ceng)面数据和(he)(he)(he)信息资(zi)(zi)源，为(wei)客户(hu)提(ti)供深度的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)口(kou)(kou)(kou)腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)护(hu)(hu)(hu)理(li)(li)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)业(ye)市(shi)场研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)报(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)告(gao)(gao)，以专业(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)帮助客户(hu)深入的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)了(le)解一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)口(kou)(kou)(kou)腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)护(hu)(hu)(hu)理(li)(li)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)业(ye)情(qing)(qing)况(kuang)，发现投(tou)资(zi)(zi)价值和(he)(he)(he)投(tou)资(zi)(zi)机会，规避经营(ying)风险，提(ti)高管理(li)(li)和(he)(he)(he)运营(ying)能力(li)(li)。一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)口(kou)(kou)(kou)腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)护(hu)(hu)(hu)理(li)(li)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)报(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)告(gao)(gao)必(bi)须对(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)口(kou)(kou)(kou)腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)护(hu)(hu)(hu)理(li)(li)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)业(ye)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)内容(rong)和(he)(he)(he)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)进(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)全(quan)(quan)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)阐述(shu)和(he)(he)(he)论(lun)(lun)证，对(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)过(guo)程中所获取的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)口(kou)(kou)(kou)腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)护(hu)(hu)(hu)理(li)(li)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)资(zi)(zi)料进(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)全(quan)(quan)面系(xi)统(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)整理(li)(li)和(he)(he)(he)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)(xi)，通(tong)过(guo)图表(biao)、统(tong)计结果(guo)及(ji)(ji)文(wen)(wen)献资(zi)(zi)料，或(huo)(huo)以纵(zong)向的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)发展过(guo)程，或(huo)(huo)横向类别(bie)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)(xi)提(ti)出(chu)论(lun)(lun)点、分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)(xi)论(lun)(lun)据，进(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)论(lun)(lun)证。一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)口(kou)(kou)(kou)腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)护(hu)(hu)(hu)理(li)(li)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)报(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)告(gao)(gao)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)：一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)口(kou)(kou)(kou)腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)护(hu)(hu)(hu)理(li)(li)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)对(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)象(xiang)和(he)(he)(he)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa) 、研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)内容(rong)和(he)(he)(he)假设(she) 、研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)步(bu)骤及(ji)(ji)过(guo)程以及(ji)(ji)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)结果(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)(xi)与讨论(lun)(lun)。一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)口(kou)(kou)(kou)腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)护(hu)(hu)(hu)理(li)(li)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)报(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)告(gao)(gao)内容(rong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)逻辑性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)是(shi)(shi)整个研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)思路逻辑性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)写照，没有(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)个好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)基础以及(ji)(ji)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)渠(qu)道方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)，是(shi)(shi)写不出(chu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)口(kou)(kou)(kou)腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)护(hu)(hu)(hu)理(li)(li)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)科研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)报(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)告(gao)(gao)。对(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)口(kou)(kou)(kou)腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)护(hu)(hu)(hu)理(li)(li)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)报(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)告(gao)(gao)内容(rong)报(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)告(gao)(gao)大(da)厅(ting)相(xiang)对(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)如实地(di)反映客观情(qing)(qing)况(kuang)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)切叙述(shu)、说(shuo)明、推断、引(yin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，恰如其分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)。文(wen)(wen)字、用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)词应(ying)力(li)(li)求准确(que)。概(gai)念表(biao)述(shu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)科学(xue)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)语(yu)，避免用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)常识性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)语(yu)，以免读者费解或(huo)(huo)产生(sheng)歧义。当然，研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)报(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)告(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)字我们也努力(li)(li)做到简单(dan)、明了(le)、通(tong)顺(shun)、流畅，既要明白如话，又要把研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)效(xiao)果(guo)准确(que)地(di)、科学(xue)地(di)表(biao)达出(chu)来(lai)。通(tong)过(guo)全(quan)(quan)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)调查研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)以及(ji)(ji)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)(xi)论(lun)(lun)证某个建(jian)设(she)或(huo)(huo)改造工程。某种(zhong)科学(xue)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)、某项商务活动切实可行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)而提(ti)出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)种(zhong)书面材料。

一次性使用吸痰管操作方法(1)检查吸引器各部连接是否完善，有无漏气。优质一次性使用吸痰管接通电源，打开开关，检查吸引器性能，调节负压。一般成人吸痰负压约40-50 kPa，小儿吸痰约13-30kPa，将一次性使用吸痰管置于水中，试验吸引力，并冲洗皮管。(2)将病人头部转向护士，铺治疗巾于颌下。(3)插入一次性使用吸痰管，其顺序是由口腔前庭→颊部→咽部，将各部吸尽。一次性使用吸痰管厂家如口(kou)(kou)腔(qiang)吸(xi)(xi)痰有(you)困难时(shi)，可由鼻腔(qiang)插(cha)入(颅底骨折(zhe)患者禁用)，其(qi)顺序由鼻腔(qiang)前庭(ting)→下鼻道→鼻后(hou)孔→咽部(bu)→气(qi)管(约20-25cm)，将(jiang)分泌物(wu)逐段吸(xi)(xi)尽(jin)。若有(you)气(qi)管插(cha)管或气(qi)管切开时(shi)，可由插(cha)管或套(tao)管内插(cha)入，将(jiang)痰液吸(xi)(xi)出。昏迷病人(ren)可用压舌板或开口(kou)(kou)器(qi)先将(jiang)口(kou)(kou)启开，再行吸(xi)(xi)引。

插(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)管(guan)(guan)时的护(hu)理(li)⑴清醒(xing)患(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)：操(cao)纵中(zhong)应(ying)鼓励其增强决心(xin)信念，调动(dong)(dong)自我控制能力(li)(li)(li)，从而(er)按(an)捺(na)不(bu)良情绪，配合插(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)管(guan)(guan)。插(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)管(guan)(guan)时如(ru)碰到阻力(li)(li)(li)，切勿强行置入(ru)，应(ying)查(cha)明发生(sheng)原因(yin)(yin)，如(ru)管(guan)(guan)腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)内(nei)(nei)有堵(du)塞，可向(xiang)胃(wei)(wei)管(guan)(guan)内(nei)(nei)注入(ru)空气，若泛起呃(e)逆(ni)，说明管(guan)(guan)腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)启齿部(bu)位在(zai)食(shi)(shi)管(guan)(guan)内(nei)(nei)，可将胃(wei)(wei)管(guan)(guan)向(xiang)下试插(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)。⑵意识(shi)障碍患(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)：可采用(yong)诱导(dao)吞(tun)咽(yan)法(fa)插(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)胃(wei)(wei)管(guan)(guan)：患(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)取(qu)平(ping)卧或(huo)头高位，操(cao)纵者(zhe)(zhe)两人分站两侧，左侧操(cao)纵者(zhe)(zhe)按(an)传统方(fang)法(fa)将胃(wei)(wei)管(guan)(guan)轻插(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)至14～16cm休(xiu)止(zhi)(zhi)，待患(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)不(bu)适(shi)症(zheng)状消失后，左侧操(cao)纵者(zhe)(zhe)用(yong)木(mu)帛签蘸(zhan)水，轻擦(ca)患(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)唇部(bu)及(ji)舌(she)面，见患(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)泛起吞(tun)咽(yan)动(dong)(dong)作，右侧操(cao)纵者(zhe)(zhe)即将胃(wei)(wei)管(guan)(guan)向(xiang)前推进(jin)送入(ru)食(shi)(shi)道再插(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)至胃(wei)(wei)部(bu)。插(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)管(guan)(guan)后护(hu)理(li)（1）胃(wei)(wei)管(guan)(guan)留(liu)置时间：长期(qi)鼻饲患(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)7天更换(huan)1次胃(wei)(wei)管(guan)(guan)，一次性(xing)使用(yong)灌(guan)肠包，改插(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)另一侧鼻孔(kong)，以预(yu)防鼻咽(yan)黏膜---性(xing)损(sun)伤(shang)；若为(wei)硅胶胃(wei)(wei)管(guan)(guan)则每月更换(huan)1次。（2）保持胃(wei)(wei)管(guan)(guan)通(tong)畅(chang)：逐(zhu)日用(yong)20ml生(sheng)理(li)盐水冲刷2次，防止(zhi)(zhi)胃(wei)(wei)管(guan)(guan)因(yin)(yin)堵(du)塞或(huo)胃(wei)(wei)液黏稠而(er)引(yin)流不(bu)畅(chang)。（3）口腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)护(hu)理(li)：住院患(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)在(zai)留(liu)置胃(wei)(wei)管(guan)(guan)期(qi)间机体(ti)抵挡(dang)力(li)(li)(li)降低，导(dao)致口腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)的自洁作用(yong)减弱。因(yin)(yin)此，留(liu)置胃(wei)(wei)管(guan)(guan)期(qi)间，对意识(shi)障碍患(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)进(jin)行口腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)护(hu)理(li)，对清醒(xing)患(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)嘱定时刷牙。（4）心(xin)理(li)护(hu)理(li)：清醒(xing)患(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)留(liu)置胃(wei)(wei)管(guan)(guan)时护(hu)士应(ying)多与其沟通(tong)，加强胃(wei)(wei)管(guan)(guan)护(hu)理(li)知识(shi)的宣教，定时匡(kuang)助患(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)翻身，推拿(na)背部(bu)、肩颈(jing)部(bu)，以减轻因(yin)(yin)头颈(jing)部(bu)制动(dong)(dong)及(ji)被动(dong)(dong)---带来的不(bu)适(shi)。