插管时的护理⑴清醒患者：操纵中应鼓励其增强决心信念，调动自我控制能力，从而按捺不良情绪，配合插管。插管时如碰到阻力，切勿强行置入，应查明发生原因，如管腔内有堵塞，可向胃管内注入空气，若泛起呃逆，说明管腔启齿部位在食管内，可将胃管向下试插。⑵意识障碍患者：可采用诱导吞咽法插胃管：患者取平卧或头高位，操纵者两人分站两侧，左侧操纵者按传统方法将胃管轻插至14～16cm休止，待患者不适症状消失后，左侧操纵者用木帛签蘸水，轻擦患者唇部及舌面，见患者泛起吞咽动作，右侧操纵者即将胃管向前推进送入食道再插至胃部。推荐一次性使用医用无菌塑柄手术刀插管后护理（1）胃管留置时间：长期鼻饲患者7天更换1次胃管，一次性使用灌肠包，改插另一侧鼻孔，以预防鼻咽黏膜---性损伤；若为硅胶胃管则每月更换1次。（2）保持胃管通畅：逐日用20ml生理盐水冲刷2次，防止胃管因堵塞或胃液黏稠而引流不畅。（3）口腔护理：住院患者在留置胃管期间机体抵挡力降低，导致口腔的自洁作用减弱。一次性使用医用无菌塑柄手术刀价格因此，留(liu)置(zhi)胃(wei)(wei)管期(qi)间，对(dui)意识(shi)障碍(ai)患者进行口腔护理(li)，对(dui)清醒患者嘱定时(shi)刷牙。（4）心理(li)护理(li)：清醒患者留(liu)置(zhi)胃(wei)(wei)管时(shi)护士(shi)应多与其沟通，加强(qiang)胃(wei)(wei)管护理(li)知识(shi)的宣教，定时(shi)匡(kuang)助患者翻身，推拿背(bei)部、肩颈部，以减(jian)轻因头颈部制动(dong)及被动(dong)---带来的不(bu)适。

一次(ci)性婴儿(er)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)痰(tan)(tan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的使(shi)用方法(fa)1、一次(ci)性婴儿(er)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)痰(tan)(tan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的使(shi)用方法(fa)。胎(tai)儿(er)头部(bu)娩(mian)出(chu)(chu)后(hou)(hou),迅速用左手从鼻(bi)根(gen)向下挤压口(kou)(kou)鼻(bi),清除(chu)口(kou)(kou)鼻(bi)内(nei)的粘液(ye)及(ji)羊水(shui)。婴儿(er)娩(mian)出(chu)(chu)后(hou)(hou),立即将婴儿(er)仰头平卧,将吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)痰(tan)(tan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)轻轻插(cha)入(ru)婴儿(er)气(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)内(nei)、食管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)内(nei)、胃(wei)内(nei),一边吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)引一边将吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)痰(tan)(tan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)慢(man)慢(man)往上(shang)拉(la),由下至(zhi)上(shang),将气(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、食管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、胃(wei)、咽腔(qiang)、口(kou)(kou)腔(qiang)的羊水(shui)及(ji)分泌物吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)干净(jing)。可(ke)如(ru)此反复吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)引2～3次(ci),直(zhi)到婴儿(er)哭(ku)声(sheng)响亮,无痰(tan)(tan)鸣音为止。2、吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)痰(tan)(tan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的使(shi)用操作(zuo)步骤。接(jie)通电源,检查吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)痰(tan)(tan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)性能是否良好,吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)引管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)是否通畅(chang)。使(shi)病人面向操作(zuo)者,头略后(hou)(hou)仰,昏迷病人可(ke)用开(kai)口(kou)(kou)器帮助(zhu)张口(kou)(kou),再将吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)痰(tan)(tan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)插(cha)入(ru)口(kou)(kou)腔(qiang)颊(jia)部(bu)、咽部(bu)。若口(kou)(kou)腔(qiang)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)痰(tan)(tan)有困难,可(ke)由鼻(bi)腔(qiang)插(cha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)至(zhi)咽部(bu),当(dang)插(cha)入(ru)到适当(dang)位(wei)置后(hou)(hou)再接(jie)通电源,并(bing)使(shi)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)痰(tan)(tan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)左右旋转,缓慢(man)上(shang)移,向上(shang)提出(chu)(chu),将咽部(bu)及(ji)口(kou)(kou)、鼻(bi)分泌物逐段吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)尽。吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)引过程中,应随时(shi)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)水(shui)冲洗汲痰(tan)(tan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan),以(yi)免(mian)痰(tan)(tan)液(ye)堵塞。如(ru)痰(tan)(tan)液(ye)过深不易汲出(chu)(chu),可(ke)借助(zhu)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)痰(tan)(tan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)插(cha)入(ru)的机械刺激,使(shi)病人作(zuo)有效咳(ke)嗽(sou)(sou)动作(zuo),待咳(ke)嗽(sou)(sou)停止后(hou)(hou)再吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)。

导尿(niao)(niao)(niao)设(she)备在(zai)(zai)(zai)医(yi)疗(liao)当(dang)中(zhong)也(ye)(ye)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)经常(chang)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的一种(zhong)产(chan)品(pin)(pin),在(zai)(zai)(zai)泌尿(niao)(niao)(niao)肛肠等(deng)医(yi)疗(liao)科室(shi)经常(chang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)到导尿(niao)(niao)(niao)设(she)备一般都是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一次(ci)(ci)性(xing)(xing)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的。下面(mian)介(jie)绍的这(zhei)(zhei)种(zhong)-次(ci)(ci)性(xing)(xing)的无(wu)莹导尿(niao)(niao)(niao)产(chan)品(pin)(pin)就是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)同类产(chan)品(pin)(pin)中(zhong)性(xing)(xing)能非常(chang)优越的一种(zhong)。产(chan)品(pin)(pin)的用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)途和(he)(he)性(xing)(xing)能,这(zhei)(zhei)种(zhong)-次(ci)(ci)性(xing)(xing)的无(wu)菌导尿(niao)(niao)(niao)包(bao)(bao)(bao)主要(yao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)给临床上的患者导尿(niao)(niao)(niao)之用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，这(zhei)(zhei)种(zhong)产(chan)品(pin)(pin)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)经过了(le)环氧乙烷灭(mie)(mie)莹,非常(chang)的卫生和(he)(he)安全，使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)起来(lai)(lai)也(ye)(ye)非常(chang)方(fang)(fang)便。该产(chan)品(pin)(pin)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)由洞巾(jin),布和(he)(he)一次(ci)(ci)性(xing)(xing)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的导尿(niao)(niao)(niao)管、橡胶医(yi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)手套、海绵刷、纱布块、石蜡棉球物品(pin)(pin)盒和(he)(he)一次(ci)(ci)性(xing)(xing)的引流袋等(deng)几部分组成。这(zhei)(zhei)种(zhong)- -次(ci)(ci)性(xing)(xing)产(chan)品(pin)(pin)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)起来(lai)(lai)也(ye)(ye)非常(chang)方(fang)(fang)便。这(zhei)(zhei)种(zhong)产(chan)品(pin)(pin)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)起来(lai)(lai)也(ye)(ye)比较(jiao)简单,首先(xian),在(zai)(zai)(zai)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)前要(yao)检查单包(bao)(bao)(bao)装是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)没有(you)(you)损坏,灭(mie)(mie)菌的有(you)(you)效期(qi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)正常(chang);其(qi)次(ci)(ci),在(zai)(zai)(zai)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的时候,先(xian)打开(kai)包(bao)(bao)(bao)装,在(zai)(zai)(zai)将包(bao)(bao)(bao)布打开(kai),再戴(dai)上手套,然后(hou);按照常(chang)规的方(fang)(fang)法来(lai)(lai)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)导尿(niao)(niao)(niao)包(bao)(bao)(bao)里的组件;其(qi)三,-般的产(chan)品(pin)(pin)的有(you)(you)效期(qi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)两(liang)年 ,如(ru)果产(chan)品(pin)(pin)已经过了(le)有(you)(you)效期(qi),绝对不(bu)能使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong);四,如(ru)果包(bao)(bao)(bao)装破损了(le)也(ye)(ye)不(bu)能使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong);五,这(zhei)(zhei)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)-次(ci)(ci)性(xing)(xing)的使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)产(chan)品(pin)(pin)，禁止(zhi)重复使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),在(zai)(zai)(zai)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)完后(hou)要(yao)销毁,生产(chan)日(ri)期(qi)般在(zai)(zai)(zai)包(bao)(bao)(bao)装封口处。

医(yi)(yi)(yi)疗(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)械(xie)(xie)(xie)标(biao)(biao)准(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)是医(yi)(yi)(yi)疗(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)械(xie)(xie)(xie)研制(zhi)(zhi)、生产、经营、使用以及(ji)监督(du)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)所共同遵循的(de)技术(shu)规(gui)范，是医(yi)(yi)(yi)疗(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)械(xie)(xie)(xie)监管(guan)(guan)和(he)(he)产业发(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的(de)重要(yao)技术(shu)支撑(cheng)(cheng)。药监局(ju)(ju)高度(du)重视医(yi)(yi)(yi)疗(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)械(xie)(xie)(xie)标(biao)(biao)准(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)工(gong)作(zuo)，按照(zhao)“四个严”的(de)要(yao)求，结(jie)合医(yi)(yi)(yi)疗(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)械(xie)(xie)(xie)产业发(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)和(he)(he)监管(guan)(guan)工(gong)作(zuo)实际，不断完(wan)善医(yi)(yi)(yi)疗(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)械(xie)(xie)(xie)标(biao)(biao)准(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)体系(xi)、持(chi)续(xu)开(kai)展(zhan)医(yi)(yi)(yi)疗(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)械(xie)(xie)(xie)标(biao)(biao)准(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)制(zhi)(zhi)修(xiu)订(ding)(ding)工(gong)作(zuo)，我国医(yi)(yi)(yi)疗(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)械(xie)(xie)(xie)标(biao)(biao)准(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)体系(xi)不断完(wan)善，医(yi)(yi)(yi)疗(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)械(xie)(xie)(xie)标(biao)(biao)准(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)对监管(guan)(guan)和(he)(he)产业发(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的(de)技术(shu)支撑(cheng)(cheng)能力持(chi)续(xu)提(ti)升。一、加强医(yi)(yi)(yi)疗(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)械(xie)(xie)(xie)标(biao)(biao)准(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)建设。为贯彻落实国务院深化(hua)标(biao)(biao)准(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)改革重大决策部署，依据《中华人民共和(he)(he)国标(biao)(biao)准(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)法(fa)》，立足我国医(yi)(yi)(yi)疗(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)械(xie)(xie)(xie)产业发(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)和(he)(he)监管(guan)(guan)工(gong)作(zuo)实际，2017年4月，原食(shi)品(pin)(pin)药品(pin)(pin)监管(guan)(guan)总(zong)局(ju)(ju)修(xiu)订(ding)(ding)印(yin)发(fa)(fa)(fa)《医(yi)(yi)(yi)疗(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)械(xie)(xie)(xie)标(biao)(biao)准(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)办(ban)法(fa)》，该办(ban)法(fa)的(de)出台对指导我国医(yi)(yi)(yi)疗(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)械(xie)(xie)(xie)标(biao)(biao)准(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)、规(gui)范标(biao)(biao)准(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)制(zhi)(zhi)修(xiu)订(ding)(ding)、促(cu)进标(biao)(biao)准(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)实施、提(ti)升医(yi)(yi)(yi)疗(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)械(xie)(xie)(xie)质(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)等起到了(le)积极作(zuo)用。为贯彻落实《医(yi)(yi)(yi)疗(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)械(xie)(xie)(xie)标(biao)(biao)准(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)办(ban)法(fa)》，原食(shi)品(pin)(pin)药品(pin)(pin)监管(guan)(guan)总(zong)局(ju)(ju)先后印(yin)发(fa)(fa)(fa)《医(yi)(yi)(yi)疗(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)械(xie)(xie)(xie)标(biao)(biao)准(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)制(zhi)(zhi)修(xiu)订(ding)(ding)工(gong)作(zuo)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)规(gui)范》和(he)(he)《医(yi)(yi)(yi)疗(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)械(xie)(xie)(xie)标(biao)(biao)准(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)报批(pi)发(fa)(fa)(fa)布(bu)工(gong)作(zuo)细(xi)则(ze)》等文件，进一步规(gui)范了(le)医(yi)(yi)(yi)疗(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)械(xie)(xie)(xie)标(biao)(biao)准(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)工(gong)作(zuo)程序，强化(hua)了(le)标(biao)(biao)准(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)精细(xi)化(hua)过程管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)，为提(ti)升医(yi)(yi)(yi)疗(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)械(xie)(xie)(xie)标(biao)(biao)准(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)质(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)奠(dian)定了(le)坚实的(de)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)基础。

2月5日，药(yao)(yao)监(jian)(jian)局(ju)(ju)接到卫生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)健(jian)康委通(tong)报(bao)，上(shang)(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)新兴医药(yao)(yao)股份有限公司（以下简称“上(shang)(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)新兴”）生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)产的(de)(de)一批次(ci)静注人免疫球蛋(dan)白(bai)（批号：20180610Z）艾滋病(bing)病(bing)毒抗体检(jian)测(ce)为阳性。药(yao)(yao)监(jian)(jian)局(ju)(ju)立即(ji)要(yao)求(qiu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)市药(yao)(yao)监(jian)(jian)局(ju)(ju)对(dui)上(shang)(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)新兴开(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)现(xian)场(chang)检(jian)查(cha)，组(zu)织对(dui)同批原料血(xue)浆(jiang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)产的(de)(de)产品和(he)相邻批次(ci)产品进行检(jian)验，并派出督导检(jian)查(cha)组(zu)抵(di)达(da)上(shang)(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)、江西，督促指导地方(fang)药(yao)(yao)监(jian)(jian)部门(men)开(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)调查(cha)处置工作(zuo)(zuo)。药(yao)(yao)监(jian)(jian)局(ju)(ju)、卫生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)健(jian)康委联合下发通(tong)知，要(yao)求(qiu)立即(ji)暂停(ting)使用(yong)该企(qi)业生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)产的(de)(de)相关产品，并及时采取(qu)封存等(deng)控制措施。上(shang)(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)方(fang)面(mian)对(dui)涉事批次(ci)静注人免疫球蛋(dan)白(bai)进行的(de)(de)艾滋病(bing)、乙肝、丙肝三种(zhong)病(bing)毒核酸(suan)检(jian)测(ce)，结果(guo)均为阴性；江西方(fang)面(mian)对(dui)患者的(de)(de)艾滋病(bing)病(bing)毒核酸(suan)检(jian)测(ce)，结果(guo)为阴性。对(dui)企(qi)业现(xian)场(chang)核查(cha)等(deng)有关工作(zuo)(zuo)正在(zai)进一步进行中。

一次性使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)吸(xi)痰(tan)(tan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)怎么用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)？吸(xi)痰(tan)(tan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)方(fang)法与3个注意(yi)事(shi)项首先是吸(xi)痰(tan)(tan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)方(fang)法：1、检(jian)查吸(xi)痰(tan)(tan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)情况，检(jian)查吸(xi)引(yin)器作用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，检(jian)查吸(xi)引(yin)导管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)是否通(tong)畅，是否会影(ying)响正常吸(xi)痰(tan)(tan)操作。2、准备好吸(xi)痰(tan)(tan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)所有物(wu)(wu)品(pin)，将(jiang)(jiang)这些物(wu)(wu)品(pin)都放(fang)在(zai)床头柜上，向患(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)者(zhe)说明接下(xia)来的(de)(de)(de)操作，解释部(bu)分物(wu)(wu)品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)途，让患(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)者(zhe)做(zuo)好准备。3、让患(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)者(zhe)侧头，并微微后仰(yang)，如果患(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)者(zhe)本(ben)身昏迷(mi)了，需要用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)压舌(she)板(ban)将(jiang)(jiang)患(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)者(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)嘴(zui)巴张开，然(ran)后将(jiang)(jiang)吸(xi)痰(tan)(tan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)侧插(cha)(cha)到咽喉部(bu)位，等患(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)者(zhe)吸(xi)气的(de)(de)(de)时(shi)候，将(jiang)(jiang)吸(xi)痰(tan)(tan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)插(cha)(cha)入(ru)(ru)气管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。如果患(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)者(zhe)本(ben)身口腔(qiang)吸(xi)痰(tan)(tan)比较困难，可(ke)以(yi)从鼻腔(qiang)插(cha)(cha)入(ru)(ru)，当(dang)然(ran)，颅(lu)底骨折的(de)(de)(de)患(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)者(zhe)禁(jin)止使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。如果是气管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)插(cha)(cha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)或(huo)者(zhe)气管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)切开的(de)(de)(de)患(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)者(zhe)，可(ke)以(yi)从插(cha)(cha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)或(huo)者(zhe)是套(tao)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)内插(cha)(cha)入(ru)(ru)吸(xi)痰(tan)(tan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。