医(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)疗(liao)(liao)(liao)器(qi)(qi)(qi)械(xie)标(biao)(biao)(biao)准(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)是医(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)疗(liao)(liao)(liao)器(qi)(qi)(qi)械(xie)研制(zhi)(zhi)、生(sheng)产、经营、使用以及监(jian)(jian)(jian)督管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)所共同遵循(xun)的(de)(de)技(ji)术规范(fan)，是医(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)疗(liao)(liao)(liao)器(qi)(qi)(qi)械(xie)监(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)和(he)产业(ye)发展(zhan)的(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)技(ji)术支(zhi)撑。药监(jian)(jian)(jian)局高度(du)(du)重(zhong)视医(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)疗(liao)(liao)(liao)器(qi)(qi)(qi)械(xie)标(biao)(biao)(biao)准(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)工(gong)作，按照(zhao)“四个严”的(de)(de)要(yao)求，结合医(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)疗(liao)(liao)(liao)器(qi)(qi)(qi)械(xie)产业(ye)发展(zhan)和(he)监(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)工(gong)作实(shi)际，不(bu)断完善医(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)疗(liao)(liao)(liao)器(qi)(qi)(qi)械(xie)标(biao)(biao)(biao)准(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)体系、持(chi)续开展(zhan)医(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)疗(liao)(liao)(liao)器(qi)(qi)(qi)械(xie)标(biao)(biao)(biao)准(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)制(zhi)(zhi)修(xiu)订工(gong)作，我(wo)(wo)国医(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)疗(liao)(liao)(liao)器(qi)(qi)(qi)械(xie)标(biao)(biao)(biao)准(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)体系不(bu)断完善，医(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)疗(liao)(liao)(liao)器(qi)(qi)(qi)械(xie)标(biao)(biao)(biao)准(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)对(dui)监(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)和(he)产业(ye)发展(zhan)的(de)(de)技(ji)术支(zhi)撑能力持(chi)续提升(sheng)。一、加强(qiang)(qiang)医(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)疗(liao)(liao)(liao)器(qi)(qi)(qi)械(xie)标(biao)(biao)(biao)准(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)建设。为贯(guan)彻落实(shi)国务院深(shen)化(hua)(hua)标(biao)(biao)(biao)准(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)改(gai)革重(zhong)大决策部署，依(yi)据《中华(hua)人民(min)共和(he)国标(biao)(biao)(biao)准(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)法》，立足我(wo)(wo)国医(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)疗(liao)(liao)(liao)器(qi)(qi)(qi)械(xie)产业(ye)发展(zhan)和(he)监(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)工(gong)作实(shi)际，2017年4月(yue)，原食品(pin)(pin)药品(pin)(pin)监(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)总局修(xiu)订印发《医(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)疗(liao)(liao)(liao)器(qi)(qi)(qi)械(xie)标(biao)(biao)(biao)准(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)办(ban)法》，该办(ban)法的(de)(de)出台对(dui)指(zhi)导(dao)我(wo)(wo)国医(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)疗(liao)(liao)(liao)器(qi)(qi)(qi)械(xie)标(biao)(biao)(biao)准(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)、规范(fan)标(biao)(biao)(biao)准(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)制(zhi)(zhi)修(xiu)订、促进标(biao)(biao)(biao)准(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)实(shi)施、提升(sheng)医(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)疗(liao)(liao)(liao)器(qi)(qi)(qi)械(xie)质(zhi)量等(deng)起到了(le)积极作用。为贯(guan)彻落实(shi)《医(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)疗(liao)(liao)(liao)器(qi)(qi)(qi)械(xie)标(biao)(biao)(biao)准(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)办(ban)法》，原食品(pin)(pin)药品(pin)(pin)监(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)总局先后印发《医(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)疗(liao)(liao)(liao)器(qi)(qi)(qi)械(xie)标(biao)(biao)(biao)准(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)制(zhi)(zhi)修(xiu)订工(gong)作管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)规范(fan)》和(he)《医(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)疗(liao)(liao)(liao)器(qi)(qi)(qi)械(xie)标(biao)(biao)(biao)准(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)报批(pi)发布工(gong)作细(xi)(xi)则》等(deng)文件，进一步规范(fan)了(le)医(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)疗(liao)(liao)(liao)器(qi)(qi)(qi)械(xie)标(biao)(biao)(biao)准(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)工(gong)作程序，强(qiang)(qiang)化(hua)(hua)了(le)标(biao)(biao)(biao)准(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)精细(xi)(xi)化(hua)(hua)过程管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)，为提升(sheng)医(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)疗(liao)(liao)(liao)器(qi)(qi)(qi)械(xie)标(biao)(biao)(biao)准(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)质(zhi)量奠定了(le)坚(jian)实(shi)的(de)(de)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)基础。

如何预防插导尿包时出现感染现象?全科医生是经过全科医学专业培训，临床技能全面、医德高尚的高素质基层医疗保健人才,富有独立工作能力,对个人家庭及社区提供便捷、廉价的防、 治保康全方位的优质服务。推荐一次性使用医用无菌阴道扩张器开展全科医疗服务, 如果没有具有活力的全科医生做坚实的基础,工作将缺乏生气和动力,那种以单纯的专科医疗的服务体系,势必造成医疗秩序的混乱,也没有任何国家的经济能够负担得起。那么,插导尿管如何预防感染呢?导尿包相关尿路感染预防SOP尿路感染(UTI)是二位常见医院感染类型, 75% ~ 80%与留置导尿管相关。为有效预防导尿管相关尿路感染,特制定以下控制措施:插管前准备与插管时的措施1.尽量避免不必要的留置导尿;2.仔细检查无菌导尿包，如过期、外包装破损潮湿,不得使用;3.根据年龄、性别、尿道情况选择合适的导尿管口径、类型。通常成年男性选16F ,女性选14F ;4.规范手卫生和载手套的程序;5.常规的消毒方法:用0.1%的新洁尔灭消毒尿道口及其周围皮肤粘膜,程序如下:男性:自尿道口、龟头向外旋转擦拭消毒,注意洗净包皮及冠状沟。一次性使用医用无菌阴道扩张器厂家女性:先清(qing)洗外(wai)(wai)阴,其原则(ze)由上(shang)至下,由内向外(wai)(wai),然(ran)后清(qing)洗尿道(dao)口、前庭、两(liang)侧大(da)小阴唇,后会阴、肛门(men),每一个(ge)棉球(qiu)不能重(zhong)复使用(yong);6.插管过程严格执行无菌(jun)操作(zuo),动作(zuo)要(yao)轻柔(rou),避(bi)免尿道(dao)粘膜损伤;7.对留置导尿患者(zhe),应采用(yong)密闭式引流系统。

一(yi)(yi)次(ci)性(xing)(xing)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)换(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)药(yao)(yao)包(bao)(bao)(bao)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)步骤，药(yao)(yao)店里有(you)(you)(you)卖一(yi)(yi)次(ci)性(xing)(xing)换(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)药(yao)(yao)包(bao)(bao)(bao)吗(ma)？不知道(dao)大家(jia)有(you)(you)(you)没有(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)过(guo)换(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)药(yao)(yao)包(bao)(bao)(bao)，不过(guo)如(ru)果(guo)身边(bian)有(you)(you)(you)人(ren)是(shi)在(zai)医(yi)(yi)院工作的(de)，一(yi)(yi)定(ding)会经常(chang)接触一(yi)(yi)次(ci)性(xing)(xing)换(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)药(yao)(yao)包(bao)(bao)(bao)，特别是(shi)外科护理时(shi)，换(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)药(yao)(yao)包(bao)(bao)(bao)的(de)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)频率更(geng)是(shi)极(ji)高(gao)那么一(yi)(yi)次(ci)性(xing)(xing)换(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)药(yao)(yao)包(bao)(bao)(bao)的(de)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)步骤怎(zen)么做？如(ru)果(guo)想(xiang)要购买一(yi)(yi)次(ci)性(xing)(xing)换(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)药(yao)(yao)包(bao)(bao)(bao)，去医(yi)(yi)院能买到吗(ma)？一(yi)(yi)次(ci)性(xing)(xing)换(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)药(yao)(yao)包(bao)(bao)(bao)的(de)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)步骤：1、确认产(chan)品(pin)包(bao)(bao)(bao)装是(shi)否完整，以及灭菌期限(xian)是(shi)否在(zai)有(you)(you)(you)效期内(nei)，一(yi)(yi)旦(dan)发现两者(zhe)之中(zhong)任何一(yi)(yi)个(ge)有(you)(you)(you)问(wen)题，都(dou)不能再使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)换(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)药(yao)(yao)包(bao)(bao)(bao)。2、取(qu)出一(yi)(yi)次(ci)性(xing)(xing)换(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)药(yao)(yao)包(bao)(bao)(bao)内(nei)的(de)物(wu)品(pin)，一(yi)(yi)般来说，一(yi)(yi)次(ci)性(xing)(xing)换(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)药(yao)(yao)包(bao)(bao)(bao)内(nei)的(de)物(wu)品(pin)比较齐全(quan)，比如(ru)有(you)(you)(you)薄膜手(shou)套(tao)、棉球、方盘(pan)(pan)、一(yi)(yi)次(ci)性(xing)(xing)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)橡胶检查手(shou)套(tao)、纱布叠(die)片(pian)、塑料(liao)镊子、碘伏棉球等，如(ru)果(guo)是(shi)在(zai)家(jia)中(zhong)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，可以根(gen)据(ju)需(xu)求取(qu)出相应产(chan)品(pin)，如(ru)果(guo)是(shi)在(zai)医(yi)(yi)院使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，可以将(jiang)全(quan)部物(wu)品(pin)取(qu)出放在(zai)方盘(pan)(pan)上(shang)，根(gen)据(ju)需(xu)要选(xuan)择使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)产(chan)品(pin)。

一次(ci)(ci)性使(shi)用(yong)吸(xi)痰(tan)管(guan)(guan)操作方法(1)检查吸(xi)引(yin)(yin)器(qi)各(ge)部连接(jie)是否完善，有(you)无漏气(qi)。接(jie)通(tong)电源，打开开关，检查吸(xi)引(yin)(yin)器(qi)性能，调节负压。一般成人吸(xi)痰(tan)负压约(yue)40-50 kPa，小儿吸(xi)痰(tan)约(yue)13-30kPa，将一次(ci)(ci)性使(shi)用(yong)吸(xi)痰(tan)管(guan)(guan)置于(yu)水中，试验吸(xi)引(yin)(yin)力，并冲洗皮管(guan)(guan)。(2)将病人头部转向护士，铺治(zhi)疗(liao)巾于(yu)颌下。(3)插入(ru)一次(ci)(ci)性使(shi)用(yong)吸(xi)痰(tan)管(guan)(guan)，其顺(shun)序是由(you)口腔前庭(ting)→颊部→咽部，将各(ge)部吸(xi)尽。如口腔吸(xi)痰(tan)有(you)困难时(shi)，可(ke)由(you)鼻(bi)腔插入(ru)(颅底骨折患者禁用(yong))，其顺(shun)序由(you)鼻(bi)腔前庭(ting)→下鼻(bi)道→鼻(bi)后孔→咽部→气(qi)管(guan)(guan)(约(yue)20-25cm)，将分泌物逐(zhu)段吸(xi)尽。若有(you)气(qi)管(guan)(guan)插管(guan)(guan)或(huo)气(qi)管(guan)(guan)切开时(shi)，可(ke)由(you)插管(guan)(guan)或(huo)套管(guan)(guan)内插入(ru)，将痰(tan)液吸(xi)出(chu)。昏迷(mi)病人可(ke)用(yong)压舌板(ban)或(huo)开口器(qi)先将口启(qi)开，再行吸(xi)引(yin)(yin)。

一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)性(xing)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)吸(xi)(xi)痰(tan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)具体(ti)(ti)操作(zuo)方(fang)法是(shi)怎(zen)样。温馨(xin)提(ti)示：为(wei)避免(mian)病人(ren)吸(xi)(xi)入(ru)的(de)(de)空气(qi)(qi)干燥(因无(wu)鼻腔(qiang)(qiang)的(de)(de)湿(shi)(shi)化作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong))，可(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)单层或双层盐水(shui)浸湿(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)纱(sha)布(bu)覆盖一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)性(xing)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)吸(xi)(xi)痰(tan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)口(kou)(kou)，干后(hou)随(sui)时更换。那么，一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)性(xing)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)吸(xi)(xi)痰(tan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)具体(ti)(ti)操作(zuo)方(fang)法是(shi)怎(zen)样? 一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)性(xing)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)吸(xi)(xi)痰(tan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)为(wei)无(wu)菌(jun)产品，经环氧乙烷灭菌(jun)，灭菌(jun)有(you)效期(qi)2年(nian);一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)性(xing)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)吸(xi)(xi)痰(tan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)限一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)性(xing)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)后(hou)销(xiao)毁，禁止(zhi)重复(fu)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong);一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)性(xing)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)吸(xi)(xi)痰(tan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)应存放在通风、干燥、无(wu)腐蚀性(xing)物(wu)(wu)体(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)室内。 一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)性(xing)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)吸(xi)(xi)痰(tan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)具体(ti)(ti)操作(zuo)方(fang)法如下： 吸(xi)(xi)引前先(xian)检查吸(xi)(xi)引器效能是(shi)否良好，吸(xi)(xi)引导管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)是(shi)否通畅(chang)。2.备齐用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)物(wu)(wu)，置(zhi)床头柜，向患(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)解释(shi)。3.将患(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)头偏向一(yi)(yi)(yi)侧，并略向后(hou)仰。昏迷患(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)可(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)压舌板将口(kou)(kou)启开，夹持吸(xi)(xi)痰(tan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)由口(kou)(kou)腔(qiang)(qiang)颊部(bu)插(cha)(cha)至(zhi)咽(yan)喉(hou)部(bu)，乘患(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)吸(xi)(xi)气(qi)(qi)时将吸(xi)(xi)痰(tan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)插(cha)(cha)入(ru)气(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。如口(kou)(kou)腔(qiang)(qiang)吸(xi)(xi)痰(tan)有(you)困难时，可(ke)由鼻腔(qiang)(qiang)插(cha)(cha)入(ru)(颅底骨折患(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)禁用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong));气(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)插(cha)(cha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)或气(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)切开患(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)，可(ke)由插(cha)(cha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)或套管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)内插(cha)(cha)入(ru)。