指导(dao)(dao)要(yao)点1.告(gao)(gao)知患(huan)(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)胸(xiong)腔引(yin)(yin)流(liu)(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)及(ji)(ji)(ji)配合方法。2.鼓励患(huan)(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)咳嗽(sou)，深(shen)(shen)呼(hu)吸及(ji)(ji)(ji)变换(huan)体位，并告(gao)(gao)知正确咳嗽(sou)、深(shen)(shen)呼(hu)吸、变换(huan)体位的(de)(de)(de)(de)方法。（四）注(zhu)意事(shi)项(xiang)。1.出(chu)(chu)血量多(duo)于(yu)100ml／h，呈鲜(xian)红(hong)色，有(you)血凝(ning)块(kuai)，同时(shi)(shi)伴(ban)有(you)脉(mai)搏增快，提示有(you)活动性(xing)出(chu)(chu)血的(de)(de)(de)(de)可能，及(ji)(ji)(ji)时(shi)(shi)通(tong)知医(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)。2.水封瓶(ping)打破或接(jie)(jie)(jie)头滑脱(tuo)(tuo)时(shi)(shi)，要(yao)立(li)即(ji)夹闭或反折近(jin)胸(xiong)端(duan)胸(xiong)引(yin)(yin)管(guan)(guan)。3.引(yin)(yin)流(liu)(liu)(liu)管(guan)(guan)自胸(xiong)壁伤(shang)口脱(tuo)(tuo)出(chu)(chu)，立(li)即(ji)用(yong)手顺皮(pi)肤(fu)纹理方向(xiang)捏(nie)紧(jin)引(yin)(yin)流(liu)(liu)(liu)口周围皮(pi)肤(fu)（注(zhu)意不要(yao)直(zhi)接(jie)(jie)(jie)接(jie)(jie)(jie)触伤(shang)口），并立(li)即(ji)通(tong)知医(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)处(chu)理。4.患(huan)(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)下(xia)床活动时(shi)(shi)，引(yin)(yin)流(liu)(liu)(liu)瓶(ping)的(de)(de)(de)(de)位置应低(di)于(yu)膝盖且保(bao)(bao)持平稳，保(bao)(bao)障长管(guan)(guan)没入液面(mian)下(xia)；外出(chu)(chu)检查前须将(jiang)引(yin)(yin)流(liu)(liu)(liu)管(guan)(guan)夹闭，漏气明显的(de)(de)(de)(de)患(huan)(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)不可夹闭胸(xiong)引(yin)(yin)管(guan)(guan)。5.拔管(guan)(guan)后(hou)注(zhu)意观察患(huan)(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)有(you)无胸(xiong)闷、憋气，皮(pi)下(xia)气肿，伤(shang)口渗液及(ji)(ji)(ji)出(chu)(chu)血等症(zheng)状，有(you)异常及(ji)(ji)(ji)时(shi)(shi)通(tong)知医(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)。一(yi)次性(xing)使用(yong)导(dao)(dao)尿包（三(san)）指导(dao)(dao)要(yao)点。1.告(gao)(gao)知患(huan)(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)心包、纵膈引(yin)(yin)流(liu)(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)、配合方法。2.告(gao)(gao)知患(huan)(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)更换(huan)体位时(shi)(shi)防止引(yin)(yin)流(liu)(liu)(liu)管(guan)(guan)意外脱(tuo)(tuo)出(chu)(chu)或打折、受压等措施。

导(dao)(dao)尿设备在(zai)(zai)医(yi)疗(liao)当(dang)中(zhong)也(ye)(ye)是(shi)经(jing)常(chang)(chang)(chang)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一种(zhong)产(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin),在(zai)(zai)泌尿肛肠等医(yi)疗(liao)科(ke)室经(jing)常(chang)(chang)(chang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)到(dao)导(dao)(dao)尿设备一般(ban)都是(shi)一次(ci)(ci)(ci)性(xing)(xing)(xing)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。下面(mian)介绍的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)这种(zhong)-次(ci)(ci)(ci)性(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)无(wu)莹导(dao)(dao)尿产(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)就是(shi)同(tong)类产(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)中(zhong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)非(fei)(fei)常(chang)(chang)(chang)优越的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一种(zhong)。产(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)途(tu)和(he)(he)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng),这种(zhong)-次(ci)(ci)(ci)性(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)无(wu)菌导(dao)(dao)尿包主要是(shi)给临床上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)患者(zhe)导(dao)(dao)尿之用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，这种(zhong)产(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)是(shi)经(jing)过了环氧乙烷灭(mie)莹,非(fei)(fei)常(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)卫生和(he)(he)安全，使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)起来也(ye)(ye)非(fei)(fei)常(chang)(chang)(chang)方便(bian)。该产(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)是(shi)由(you)洞巾,布和(he)(he)一次(ci)(ci)(ci)性(xing)(xing)(xing)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)导(dao)(dao)尿管、橡(xiang)胶医(yi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)手套、海绵刷、纱布块、石(shi)蜡棉(mian)球物品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)盒(he)和(he)(he)一次(ci)(ci)(ci)性(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)引流袋等几部(bu)分组成。这种(zhong)- -次(ci)(ci)(ci)性(xing)(xing)(xing)产(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)起来也(ye)(ye)非(fei)(fei)常(chang)(chang)(chang)方便(bian)。这种(zhong)产(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)起来也(ye)(ye)比较(jiao)简单(dan),首先(xian),在(zai)(zai)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)前(qian)要检查单(dan)包装(zhuang)是(shi)不是(shi)没有损坏(huai),灭(mie)菌的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有效期(qi)是(shi)不是(shi)正常(chang)(chang)(chang);其(qi)(qi)次(ci)(ci)(ci),在(zai)(zai)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)时候,先(xian)打(da)开(kai)包装(zhuang),在(zai)(zai)将(jiang)包布打(da)开(kai),再戴上手套,然后;按照常(chang)(chang)(chang)规的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方法(fa)来使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)导(dao)(dao)尿包里的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)组件;其(qi)(qi)三,-般(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)产(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有效期(qi)是(shi)两年 ,如果产(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)已(yi)经(jing)过了有效期(qi),绝对不能(neng)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong);四(si),如果包装(zhuang)破损了也(ye)(ye)不能(neng)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong);五,这是(shi)-次(ci)(ci)(ci)性(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)产(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)，禁止(zhi)重(zhong)复使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),在(zai)(zai)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)完后要销毁,生产(chan)(chan)日(ri)期(qi)般(ban)在(zai)(zai)包装(zhuang)封口处(chu)。

一(yi)次(ci)性婴(ying)(ying)儿(er)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)痰(tan)管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)方(fang)法1、一(yi)次(ci)性婴(ying)(ying)儿(er)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)痰(tan)管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)方(fang)法。胎(tai)儿(er)头部娩出(chu)(chu)后,迅速用(yong)(yong)左手从鼻(bi)根向(xiang)下(xia)挤(ji)压口鼻(bi),清除口鼻(bi)内(nei)的(de)(de)粘(zhan)液(ye)及(ji)羊水。婴(ying)(ying)儿(er)娩出(chu)(chu)后,立(li)即将(jiang)婴(ying)(ying)儿(er)仰头平(ping)卧,将(jiang)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)痰(tan)管(guan)(guan)轻(qing)轻(qing)插(cha)(cha)入(ru)婴(ying)(ying)儿(er)气管(guan)(guan)内(nei)、食(shi)管(guan)(guan)内(nei)、胃内(nei),一(yi)边(bian)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)引(yin)一(yi)边(bian)将(jiang)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)痰(tan)管(guan)(guan)慢慢往上(shang)拉,由下(xia)至(zhi)(zhi)上(shang),将(jiang)气管(guan)(guan)、食(shi)管(guan)(guan)、胃、咽腔(qiang)(qiang)、口腔(qiang)(qiang)的(de)(de)羊水及(ji)分泌物(wu)(wu)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)干(gan)净。可如(ru)此反复(fu)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)引(yin)2～3次(ci),直到婴(ying)(ying)儿(er)哭声响亮,无痰(tan)鸣音为止(zhi)(zhi)。2、吸(xi)(xi)(xi)痰(tan)管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)操(cao)(cao)作步骤。接(jie)通(tong)电源,检查(cha)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)痰(tan)管(guan)(guan)性能(neng)是否良好(hao),吸(xi)(xi)(xi)引(yin)管(guan)(guan)是否通(tong)畅。使(shi)病人(ren)面(mian)向(xiang)操(cao)(cao)作者(zhe),头略后仰,昏迷病人(ren)可用(yong)(yong)开口器帮助张口,再将(jiang)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)痰(tan)管(guan)(guan)插(cha)(cha)入(ru)口腔(qiang)(qiang)颊部、咽部。若(ruo)口腔(qiang)(qiang)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)痰(tan)有困(kun)难,可由鼻(bi)腔(qiang)(qiang)插(cha)(cha)管(guan)(guan)至(zhi)(zhi)咽部,当插(cha)(cha)入(ru)到适当位(wei)置(zhi)后再接(jie)通(tong)电源,并使(shi)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)痰(tan)管(guan)(guan)左右旋转,缓慢上(shang)移,向(xiang)上(shang)提出(chu)(chu),将(jiang)咽部及(ji)口、鼻(bi)分泌物(wu)(wu)逐(zhu)段吸(xi)(xi)(xi)尽。吸(xi)(xi)(xi)引(yin)过程中,应随(sui)时吸(xi)(xi)(xi)水冲洗汲(ji)痰(tan)管(guan)(guan),以免痰(tan)液(ye)堵(du)塞。如(ru)痰(tan)液(ye)过深不易(yi)汲(ji)出(chu)(chu),可借助吸(xi)(xi)(xi)痰(tan)管(guan)(guan)插(cha)(cha)入(ru)的(de)(de)机(ji)械(xie)刺激,使(shi)病人(ren)作有效咳嗽动(dong)作,待咳嗽停(ting)止(zhi)(zhi)后再吸(xi)(xi)(xi)。

插管时的护理⑴清醒患者：操纵中应鼓励其增强决心信念，调动自我控制能力，从而按捺不良情绪，配合插管。插管时如碰到阻力，切勿强行置入，应查明发生原因，如管腔内有堵塞，可向胃管内注入空气，若泛起呃逆，说明管腔启齿部位在食管内，可将胃管向下试插。⑵意识障碍患者：可采用诱导吞咽法插胃管：患者取平卧或头高位，操纵者两人分站两侧，左侧操纵者按传统方法将胃管轻插至14～16cm休止，待患者不适症状消失后，左侧操纵者用木帛签蘸水，轻擦患者唇部及舌面，见患者泛起吞咽动作，右侧操纵者即将胃管向前推进送入食道再插至胃部。推荐一次性使用吸痰包插管后护理（1）胃管留置时间：长期鼻饲患者7天更换1次胃管，一次性使用灌肠包，改插另一侧鼻孔，以预防鼻咽黏膜---性损伤；若为硅胶胃管则每月更换1次。（2）保持胃管通畅：逐日用20ml生理盐水冲刷2次，防止胃管因堵塞或胃液黏稠而引流不畅。（3）口腔护理：住院患者在留置胃管期间机体抵挡力降低，导致口腔的自洁作用减弱。一次性使用吸痰包价格因此，留置胃(wei)管期间，对意(yi)识障(zhang)碍患(huan)者进行口腔护理，对清醒患(huan)者嘱定时刷牙。（4）心理护理：清醒患(huan)者留置胃(wei)管时护士应(ying)多与其沟通，加(jia)强胃(wei)管护理知识的宣教，定时匡(kuang)助患(huan)者翻身，推拿(na)背(bei)部、肩(jian)颈部，以减轻因头颈部制动(dong)及被(bei)动(dong)---带来(lai)的不适。